0. This paper shows how many linguistic proposals can be formally modeled by a theory of language change that can then be refined using standard quantitative methods. In particular, the recognition of empirical and logical structure in the space of possible grammars allows a simple formal model

grammatical module. We decompose the learning problem and present formal results for a central subproblem, deducing the constraint ranking particular to a target language, given structural descriptions of positive examples. The structure imposed on the space of possible grammars by Optimality Theory allows

"Meaning " may be assigned to a string in a context-free language by defining "at-tributes " of the symbols in a derivation tree for that string. The attributes can be de-fined by functions associated with each production in the grammar. This paper examines the implications

is specified for the positive examples. We believe that our training methods will eventually make possible the effective use of more latent information such as hierarchical (grammar) models and models involving latent three dimensional pose. 1.

We describe a parsing system based upon a language model for English that is, in turn, based upon assigning probabilities to possible parses for a sentence. This model is used in a parsing system by finding the parse for the sentence with the highest probability. This system outperforms

In the early years of the development of a theory of generative grammar (roughly 1955 through the early 1970s), a striking difference between the research problems that characterized the emerging field and those that had occupied its predecessors was the precipitous decline of the study

applications, but often it is possible to obtain related RNA sequences with conserved secondary structure. These should be included in structural analyses to give improved results. This work presents a practical way of predicting RNA secondary structure that is especially useful when related sequences can

lattices and the Π01−completeness of the equational theories of action lattices of subsets of a finite monoid and action lattices of binary relations on a finite universe. We also discuss possible applications in linguistics.

interlanguage (IL) representation is constrained by UG. UG is part of an innate biologically endowed language faculty. It places limitations on grammars, constraining their form (the inventory of possible grammatical categories, in the broadest sense, i.e., syntactic, semantic, phonological), as well as how

This exploratory paper quests for a stochastic and context sensitive grammar of images. The grammar should achieve the following four objectives and thus serves as a unified framework of representation, learning, and recognition for a large number of object categories. (i) The grammar represents