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The sources and consequences of embeddedness for the economic performance of organizations: The network effect

by Brian Uzzi - American Sociological Review , 1996
"... In this paper, I attempt to advance the concept of embeddedness beyond the level of a programmatic statement by developing a formulation that specifies how embeddedness and network structure affect economic action. On the basis of existing theory and original ethnographies of 23 apparel firms, I dev ..."
Abstract - Cited by 744 (8 self) - Add to MetaCart
economy. Results reveal that embeddedness is an exchange system with unique opportunities relative to markets and that firms organized in networks have higher survival chances than do firms which maintain arm's-length market relationships. The positive effect of embeddedness reaches a threshold

An Empirical Characterization of the Dynamic Effects of changes in Government Spending and Taxes on Output

by Olivier Blanchard, Roberto Perotti - QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS , 2002
"... This paper characterizes the dynamic effects of shocks in government spending and taxes on U. S. activity in the postwar period. It does so by using a mixed structural VAR/event study approach. Identification is achieved by using institutional information about the tax and transfer systems to identi ..."
Abstract - Cited by 664 (9 self) - Add to MetaCart
to identify the automatic response of taxes and spending to activity, and, by implication, to infer fiscal shocks. The results consistently show positive government spending shocks as having a positive effect on output, and positive tax shocks as having a negative effect. One result has a distinctly

Digital Game-Based Learning

by Marc Prensky
"... [Green and Bavelier, 2003] has grabbed national attention for suggesting that playing “action ” video and computer games has the positive effect of enhancing students ’ visual selective attention. But that finding is just one small part of a more important message that all parents and educators need ..."
Abstract - Cited by 539 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
[Green and Bavelier, 2003] has grabbed national attention for suggesting that playing “action ” video and computer games has the positive effect of enhancing students ’ visual selective attention. But that finding is just one small part of a more important message that all parents and educators

What good are positive emotions

by Barbara L. Fredrickson - Review of General Psychology , 1998
"... This article opens by noting that positive emotions do not fit existing models of emotions. Consequently, a new model is advanced to describe the form and function of a subset of positive emotions, including joy, interest, contentment, and love. This new model posits that these positive emotions ser ..."
Abstract - Cited by 454 (15 self) - Add to MetaCart
serve to broaden an individual's momentary thought-action repertoire, which in turn has the effect of building that individual's physical, intellectual, and social resources. Empirical evidence to support this broaden-and-build model of positive emotions is reviewed, and implications

A survey of trust and reputation systems for online service provision

by Audun Jøsang, Roslan Ismail, Colin Boyd , 2005
"... Trust and reputation systems represent a significant trend in decision support for Internet mediated service provision. The basic idea is to collect information about potential service providers in order to select the most reliable and trustworthy provider of services and information and to avoid th ..."
Abstract - Cited by 632 (15 self) - Add to MetaCart
the less trustworthy. A natural side effect is that it also provides an incentive for good behaviour and therefore tends to have a positive effect on market quality. Reputation systems can be called collaborative sanctioning systems to reflect their collaborative nature, and are related to collaborative

Illiquidity and stock returns: cross-section and time-series effects,

by Yakov Amihud - Journal of Financial Markets , 2002
"... Abstract This paper shows that over time, expected market illiquidity positively affects ex ante stock excess return, suggesting that expected stock excess return partly represents an illiquidity premium. This complements the cross-sectional positive return-illiquidity relationship. Also, stock ret ..."
Abstract - Cited by 864 (9 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract This paper shows that over time, expected market illiquidity positively affects ex ante stock excess return, suggesting that expected stock excess return partly represents an illiquidity premium. This complements the cross-sectional positive return-illiquidity relationship. Also, stock

Halfa century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review

by Colin M. Macleod - PsychologicalBulletin , 1991
"... The literature on interference in the Stroop Color-Word Task, covering over 50 years and some 400 studies, is organized and reviewed. In so doing, a set ofl 8 reliable empirical findings is isolated that must be captured by any successful theory of the Stroop effect. Existing theoretical positions a ..."
Abstract - Cited by 666 (14 self) - Add to MetaCart
The literature on interference in the Stroop Color-Word Task, covering over 50 years and some 400 studies, is organized and reviewed. In so doing, a set ofl 8 reliable empirical findings is isolated that must be captured by any successful theory of the Stroop effect. Existing theoretical positions

Selection on Observed and Unobserved Variables: Assessing the Effectiveness of Catholic Schools

by Joseph G. Altonji, Todd E. Elder, Christopher R. Taber , 2002
"... In this paper we measure the effect of Catholic high school attendance on educational attainment and test scores. Because we do not have a good instrumental variable for Catholic school attendance, we develop new estimation methods based on the idea that the amount of selection on the observed expla ..."
Abstract - Cited by 538 (14 self) - Add to MetaCart
In this paper we measure the effect of Catholic high school attendance on educational attainment and test scores. Because we do not have a good instrumental variable for Catholic school attendance, we develop new estimation methods based on the idea that the amount of selection on the observed

A Meta-Analytic Review of Experiments Examining the Effects of Extrinsic Rewards on Intrinsic Motivation

by Edward L. Deci, Richard Koestner, Richard M. Ryan
"... A meta-analysis of 128 studies examined the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. As predicted, engagement-contingent, completion-contingent, and performance-contingent rewards signifi-cantly undermined free-choice intrinsic motivation (d =-0.40,-0.36, and-0.28, respectively), as did ..."
Abstract - Cited by 664 (18 self) - Add to MetaCart
A meta-analysis of 128 studies examined the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. As predicted, engagement-contingent, completion-contingent, and performance-contingent rewards signifi-cantly undermined free-choice intrinsic motivation (d =-0.40,-0.36, and-0.28, respectively

Do Domestic Firms Benefit from Direct Foreign Investment? Evidence from Venezuela

by Brian J. Aitken, Ann E. Harrison - AMERICAN ECONOMIC REVIEW , 1999
"... Governments often promote inward foreign investment to encourage technology “spillovers” from foreign to domestic firms. Using panel data on Venezuelan plants, we find that foreign equity participation is positively correlated with plant produc-tivity (the “own-plant” effect), but this relationship ..."
Abstract - Cited by 757 (5 self) - Add to MetaCart
Governments often promote inward foreign investment to encourage technology “spillovers” from foreign to domestic firms. Using panel data on Venezuelan plants, we find that foreign equity participation is positively correlated with plant produc-tivity (the “own-plant” effect), but this relationship
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