, in which an experience of preplanning occurred in some of the 40 self-initiated acts, onset of RP preceded W by an average of about 800 ms (or by 500 ms, taking onset of RP at 90 per cent of its area). Reports of W time depended upon the subject's recall of the spatial 'clock-position ' of a

, interval. Decrement was found at the one recall interval, but no systematic study of the course of retention over a variety of intervals was attempted. EXPERIMENT I The present investigation tests recall for individual items after several 1 The initial stages of this investigation

The standard strategies for evaluation based on precision and recall are examined and their relative advantages and disadvantages are discussed. In particular, it is suggested that relevance feedback be evaluated from the perspective of the user. A number of different statistical tests

and uncued recognition, free and cued recall, and confidence ratings. The phenomenon persisted across variations in encoding rules, timed or self-paced presentation, presence or absence of test information, and between- or within-subjects designs. The effect was specific to the response items under

Issuers of initial public offerings ~IPOs! can report earnings in excess of cash f lows by taking positive accruals. This paper provides evidence that issuers with unusu-ally high accruals in the IPO year experience poor stock return performance in the three years thereafter. IPO issuers

sites to chose from. Current techniques to perform these decisions are often ad hoc or poorly designed. The most common solution used today is to require the user to manually make decisions based on their own experience and whatever information is provided by the application. Previous efforts

leads to an increase in population of about 1.5%. Life expectancy has a much smaller effect on total GDP both initially and over a 40-year horizon, however. Consequently, there is no evidence that the large exogenous increase in life expectancy led to a significant increase in per capita economic growth

Snakes, or active contours, are used extensively in computer vision and image processing applications, particularly to locate object boundaries. Problems associated with initialization and poor convergence to concave boundaries, howevel; have limited their utility. This paper develops a new

documents used to expand the initial query. Recall-precision evaluation reveals that as the amount of expansion of the query due to adding terms from relevant documents increases, so does the effectiveness. It is observed for this particular experiment that there seems to be a linear relationship between

Abstract—This paper introduces a novel parameter automation strategy for the particle swarm algorithm and two further extensions to improve its performance after a predefined number of generations. Initially, to efficiently control the local search and convergence to the global optimum solution