Valence bond solid

The correspondence between supergravity (and string theory) on AdS space and boundary conformal field theory relates the thermodynamics of N = 4 super Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions to the thermodynamics of Schwarzschild black holes in Anti-de Sitter space. In this description, quantum phenomena such as the spontaneous breaking of the center of the gauge group, magnetic confinement, and the mass gap are coded in classical geometry. The correspondence makes it manifest that the entropy of a very large AdS Schwarzschild black hole must scale “holographically ” with the volume of its horizon. By similar methods, one can also make a speculative proposal for the description of large N gauge theories in four dimensions without supersymmetry. March

A rapid second order phase transition can have a significant probability of producing a metastable state instead of the equilibrium state. We consider the case of rapid Bose-Einstein condensation in a toroidal trap resulting in a spontaneous superfluid current, and compare the phenomenological time

X.1. The ferromagnetic continuous phase transition. The Weiss ’ model of the ferromagnetism. A number of physico–chemical systems, which undergo phase transitions, can be represented, to varying degrees of accuracy, by an array of lattice sites. For instance, a solid crystal has been discussed

there has been a lot of recent interest in defining and studying ‘inhomogeneous ’ random graph models. One of the most studied properties of these new models is their ‘robustness’, or, equivalently, the ‘phase transition ’ as an edge density parameter is varied. For G(n, p), p = c/n, the phase transition

Light stops can give a strong first order electroweak phase transition in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) satisfying one of the necessary conditions for electroweak baryogenesis. I discuss the region of parameter space where this occurs using a perturbative analysis of the Higgs

It is shown that the hard-core model on Z d exhibits a phase transition at activities above some function λ(d) which tends to zero as d → ∞; that is: Consider the usual nearest neighbor graph on Z d, and write E and O for the sets of even and odd vertices (defined in the obvious way). Set ΛM = Λ d

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: We describe a detailed experimental investigation of the phase transition for several different classes of randomly generated satisfiability problems. We observe a remarkable consistency of features in the phase transition despite the presence in some of the problem classes of clauses of mixed

We wish to bring to the attention of the OR community the phenomenon of phase transitions in randomly generated problems. These are of considerable practical use for benchmarking algorithms. They also offer insight into problem hardness and algorithm performance. Whilst phase transition experiments