Induction of phase II enzymes is an important mechanism of chemo-prevention. In our search for novel cancer chemopreventive agents, 4*-bromoflavone (4*BF) was found to significantly induce quinone reductase (QR) activity in cultured murine hepatoma 1c1c7 cells (concentration to double activity: 10

Ciguatoxins (CTX) are polyether neurotoxins that target voltage-gated sodium channels and are responsible for ciguatera, the most common fish-borne food poisoning in humans. This study characterizes the global transcriptional response of mouse liver to a symptomatic dose (0.26 ng/g) of the highly potent Pacific ciguatoxin-1 (P-CTX-1). At 1 h post-exposure 2.4 % of features on a 44K whole genome array were differentially expressed (p £ 0.0001), increasing to 5.2 % at 4 h and decreasing to 1.4 % by 24 h post-CTX exposure. Data were filtered (|fold change | ‡ 1.5 and p £ 0.0001 in at least one time point) and a trend set of 1550 genes were used for further analysis. Early gene expression was likely influenced prominently by an acute 4C decline in core body temperature by 1 h, which resolved by 8 h following exposure. An initial downregulation of 32 different solute carriers, many involved in sodium transport, was observed. Differential gene

Abstract. Chalcone derivatives were evaluated for their antifilarial activity on Setaria cervi using glutathione-S-transferase (GST) as a drug target. The compounds 1-(4-benzotriazol-1-yl-phenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (5), and 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-pyrrolidin-1-yl-phenyl) prop-2-en-1-one (7) showed a significant suppression ( P < 0.01) in GST activity of adult female parasite extract at 3 µM concentration in vitro. However, GST activity was detected along with depletion in GSH level. Except Compounds 1 and 2, all exhibited a significant effect on the motility and viability of adult parasites. Compounds 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(4-piperidin-1-yl-phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (3), 1-(4-ben-zotriazol-1-yl-phenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (5), and 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-pyrrolidin-1-yl-phenyl) prop-2-en-1-one (7) exhibited major irreversible effects on viability and resulted in parasite death and also inhibited the GST activity by 84–100 % in vitro. We report for the first time the antifilarial activity of chalcones on GST of adult para-sites. This study also strengthens our previous findings where GST is reported as a potential drug target for antifilarials. The main problem regarding the chemotherapy of filaria-sis is that no safe and effective drug is available yet to com-bat adult human filarial worms. One of the main reasons is that filarial parasites exhibit a very strong antioxidant system, which protects them from the reactive oxygen species (ROS)

the vessel wall. This increase in the number of spins affected by deoxyhemoglobin is a form of amplification. When the susceptibility-induced local field differences exist within an imaging voxel, there is a resultant distribution of shifts in water resonance frequencies. In the gradient-echo method, a phase

. To identify the mechanisms responsible for efficient antigen capture, we studied the endocytic capacity of DCs using fluorescein isothiocyanate--dextran, horseradish peroxidase, and lucifer yellow. We found that DCs use two distinct mechanisms for antigen capture. The first is a high level of fluid phase

re an n TT genetic factors involved in complex pathologies such as asthma is arduous, not only because of human genetic trapolated from one ethnic group to another [3]. Phase II detoxification enzymes, particularly classes of

-cancer Phase II detoxification enzymes without concurrently stimulating Phase I enzyme activity. The objective of this study was to determine whether quercetin and genistein increase activity of the Phase II enzymes, Glutathione-s-Transferase and Quinone Reductase, in a dose response manner while decreasing

-based image classifiers: (i) Quantization of local image descriptors (used to generate “bags-of-words”, codebooks). (ii) Computation of ‘Image-to-Image ’ distance, instead of ‘Image-to-Class ’ distance. We propose a trivial NN-based classifier – NBNN, (Naive-Bayes Nearest-Neighbor), which employs NNdistances

several logs, as measured by colony-forming units, when incubated with monocytes or mononuclear cells; the mid-log phase doubling time was 2 h. The level to which L. pneumophila multiplied was proportional to the number of mononuclear cells in the culture. L. pneumophila multiplied only in the adherent

Abstract The present study investigated the chemopreventive potential of geraniol, an acyclic monoterpene alcohol, by monitoring the tumor incidence and analyzing the status of phase II detoxification agents, lipid peroxidation by products and antioxidants in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA