this paper. The cortex on the orbital surface of the frontal lobe includes area 13 caudally and area 14 medially, and the cortex on the inferior convexity includes area 12 caudally and area 11 anteriorly (Fig. 1) (Carmichael and Price, 1994; Petrides and Pandya, 1994; Price et al., 1996

The orbitofrontal cortex contains the secondary taste cortex, in which the reward value of taste is represented. It also contains the secondary and tertiary olfactory cortical areas, in which information about the identity and also about the reward value of odours is represented

The orbitofrontal cortex contains the secondary taste cortex, in which the reward value of taste is represented. It also contains the secondary and tertiary olfactory cortical areas, in which information about the identity and also about the reward value of odours is represented. The orbitofrontal

The orbitofrontal cortex has long been implicated in associative learning. Early work by Mishkin and Rolls showed that the orbitofrontal cortex was critical for rapid changes in learned behavior, a role that was reflected in the encoding of associative information by orbitofrontal neurons. Over

Representations of relative value coding in the orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala

their emotional experience. Patients with orbitofrontal cortical lesions, however, did not report regret or anticipate negative consequences of their choices. The orbitofrontal cortex has a fundamental role in mediating the experience of regret. When faced with mutually exclusive options, the choice we make

in the corresponding orbital region of prefrontal cortex in laboratory animals encode information regarding the incentive properties of goals or expected events. The present study investigates the effect of neurotoxic orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) lesions in the rat on responses that are normally influenced

There is limited data in the literature to explicitly support the notion that neurons in OFC are truly action-independent in their coding. We set out to specifically test the hypothesis that OFC value-related neurons in area 13 m of the monkey do not carry information about the action required to obtain that reward – that activity in this area represents reward values in an abstract and action-independent manner. To accomplish that goal we had two monkeys select and execute saccadic eye movements to 81 locations in the visual field for three different kinds of juice rewards. Our detailed analysis of the response fields indicates that these neurons are insensitive to the amplitude or direction of the saccade required to obtain these rewards. Our data thus validate earlier proposals that neurons of 13 m in the OFC encode subjective value independent of the saccadic action required to obtain that reward.

Damage to the orbitofrontal cortex has been associated with disinhibited or socially inappropriate behavior and emotional irregularities (1–5). Prominent characteristics of several personality disorders, in particular DSM-IV borderline personality disorder, include impulsivity and affective

Background/Objectives—What drives overconsumption of food is poorly understood. Alterations in brain structure and function could contribute to increased food seeking. Recently brain orbitofrontal cortex volume has been implicated in dysregulated eating but little is know how brain structure