to incorporate all the information available, aside of course from the most basic method consisting of using vertical stresses due to gravity and horizontal due to K 0 . In this paper, the various options available are discussed and compared, and one new alternative procedure is developed based on Airy stress

prices as a function of volatility. If an option price is given by the market we can invert this relationship to get the implied volatility. If the model were perfect, this implied value would be the same for all option market prices, but reality shows this is not the case. Implied Black

, and in turn, reduces the credit spreads. This prediction is borne out in their data. Further evidence is provided by Duffee (1998), who uses a sample restricted to non-callable bonds and 3 finds a significant, albeit weaker, negative relationship between changes in credit spreads and interest rates. Changes

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A relationship exists between aggregate risk-neutral and subjective probability distributions and risk aversion functions. Using a variation of the method developed by Jackwerth and Rubinstein (1996), we estimate risk-neutral probabilities reliably from option prices. Subjective probabilities

pronounced negative relationship between return and volatility innovations. We also find that the dominant empirical characteristics of the return process appear to be priced by the option market. Our analysis indicates a general correspondence between the evidence extracted from daily equity-index returns

A database design methodology is defined for the design of large relational databases. First, the data requirements are conceptualized using an extended entity-relationship model, with the extensions being additional semantics such as ternary relationships, optional relationships

customer interactions with technology-based self-service delivery options. In this research, the authors describe the results of a critical incident study based on more than 800 incidents involving SSTs solicited from customers through a Web-based survey. The authors cate-gorize these incidents to discern

It appears to be widely accepted in the real options literature that an increase in uncertainty should have an inhibiting e!ect on investment. Our article demonstrates that the notion of a negative uncertainty}investment relationship is not always correct. We show that in certain situations

overhead, namely (a) policy for triggering updates, (b) sen-sitivity of this policy, and (c) clamp down timers that limit the rate of updates. Using simulation, we study the relative significance of these factors and investigate the relationship between routing performance and the amount of update traf