along the ranked result list. The second one is similar but applies a discount factor on the relevance scores in order to devaluate late-retrieved documents. The third one computes the relative-tothe -ideal performance of IR techniques, based on the cumulative gain they are able to yield. The novel

.g., Brown versus Wall Street Journal), and n-gram order (bigram versus trigram) affect the relative performance of these methods, which we measure through the cross-entropy of test data. In addition, we introduce two novel smoothing techniques, one a variation of Jelinek-Mercer smoothing and one a very

novel sensor system, suitable for large-scale deployment in indoor environments, which allows the locations of people and equipment to be accurately determined. We also describe some of the context-aware applications that might make use of this fine-grained location information.

, however, has been given to the routing protocols which might differ depending on the application and network architecture. In this paper, we present a survey of the state-of-the-art routing techniques in WSNs. We first outline the design challenges for routing protocols in WSNs followed by a comprehensive

Vegas is a new implementation of TCP that achieves between 40 and 70 % better throughput, with one-fifth to onehalf the losses, as compared to the implementation of TCP in the Reno distributionof BSD Unix. This paper motivates and describes the three key techniques employed by Vegas, and presents

prototypes including up to eight processors. Concert Multilisp uses novel techniques for task scheduling and garbage collection. The task scheduler helps control excessive resource utilization by means of an unfair scheduling policy; the garbage collector uses a multiprocessor algorithm based

, and the original symbols are recovered from the collected ones with O(k log(1/ε)) operations. We will also introduce novel techniques for the analysis of the error probability of the decoder for finite length Raptor codes. Moreover, we will introduce and analyze systematic versions of Raptor codes, i.e., versions

wireless MACs such as IEEE 802.11 in almost every way: energy conservation and self-configuration are primary goals, while per-node fairness and latency are less important. S-MAC uses three novel techniques to reduce energy consumption and support self-configuration. To reduce energy consumption

.11 in several ways: energy conservation and self-configuration are primary goals, while per-node fairness and latency are less important. S-MAC uses a few novel techniques to reduce energy consumption and support self-configuration. It enables low-duty-cycle operation in a multihop network. Nodes form virtual

This paper presents a novel technique for testing Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), suitable to be used in case of frequent FPGA reuse and rapid dynamic modifi-ability of the implemented function. 1