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569
The effects of an observational intervention on the acquisition of reinforcing properties of a previously neutral stimulus
- Journal of Early and Intensive Behavioral Interventions
, 2008
"... This study sought to further investigate the effects of an observational intervention for two participants on the reinforcing property of pieces of string. Pre-observational intervention data showed that the neutral stimuli (strings) did not function to reinforce two participants ’ responding to a p ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 1 (0 self)
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of the utility of this procedure as an alternative to traditional stimulus-stimulus pairing procedures for conditioning neutral stimuli as reinforcers.
Stimulus
"... Figure 1. The schematic facial stimuli used displaying threat, positive and two neutral faces (N1 and N2). Figure 2. Example of a trial in which T1 was a neutral face and T2 was a threat face. Cognitive models of anxiety suggest that the development and maintenance of this affective disorder is asso ..."
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Figure 1. The schematic facial stimuli used displaying threat, positive and two neutral faces (N1 and N2). Figure 2. Example of a trial in which T1 was a neutral face and T2 was a threat face. Cognitive models of anxiety suggest that the development and maintenance of this affective disorder
Short-Term Retention of Individual Verbal Items
- Journal of Experimental Psychology
, 1959
"... It is apparent that the acquisition of verbal habits depends on the effects of a given occasion being carried over into later repetitions of the situation. Nevertheless, textbooks separate acquisition and retention into distinct categories. The limitation of discussions of retention to long-term cha ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 245 (0 self)
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-UCS interval in eyelid conditioning and it is not obvious that the construct so quantified can be readily transferred to verbal learning. One objection is that a verbal stimulus produces a strong predictable response prior to the experimental session and this is not true of the originally neutral stimulus
Unconscious facial reactions to emotional facial expressions
- Psychological Science
, 2000
"... Abstract—Studies reveal that when people are exposed to emotional facial expressions, they spontaneously react with distinct facial elec-tromyographic (EMG) reactions in emotion-relevant facial muscles. These reactions reflect, in part, a tendency to mimic the facial stimuli. We investigated whether ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 271 (1 self)
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immediately were followed and masked by neutral faces. Despite the fact that exposure to happy and angry faces was unconscious, the subjects reacted with distinct facial muscle reactions that corresponded to the happy and angry stimulus faces. Our results show that both positive and negative emotional
Developments in the Measurement of Subjective Well-Being
- Psychological Science.
, 1993
"... F or good reasons, economists have had a long-standing preference for studying peoples' revealed preferences; that is, looking at individuals' actual choices and decisions rather than their stated intentions or subjective reports of likes and dislikes. Yet people often make choices that b ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 284 (7 self)
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or pain in the laboratory. An advantage of laboratory experiments is that extraneous aspects of an experience can be controlled, and the unique effect of a stimulus on individuals' experiences can be evaluated. Participants in many experiments in psychology and in consumer research, for example
unknown title
"... Classical conditioning results from a neutral stimulus repeatedly being paired with a stimulus that produces unconditioned responses (UCR). Learning is accom-plished when the neutral stimulus itself elicits given ..."
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Classical conditioning results from a neutral stimulus repeatedly being paired with a stimulus that produces unconditioned responses (UCR). Learning is accom-plished when the neutral stimulus itself elicits given
Behavioral theories and the neurophysiology of reward,
- Annu. Rev. Psychol.
, 2006
"... ■ Abstract The functions of rewards are based primarily on their effects on behavior and are less directly governed by the physics and chemistry of input events as in sensory systems. Therefore, the investigation of neural mechanisms underlying reward functions requires behavioral theories that can ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 187 (0 self)
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the frequency of the behavior that results in reward. In Pavlovian, or classical, conditioning, the outcome follows the conditioned stimulus (CS) irrespective of any behavioral reaction, and repeated pairing of stimuli with outcomes leads to a representation of the outcome that is evoked by the stimulus
unknown title
"... Animals learn to associate sensory stimuli or their own behavioural responses to particular outcomes, which often possess a positive or negative hedonic value for the animal. In Pavlovian conditioning, in particular, an originally neutral stimulus (the conditioned stimulus ..."
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Animals learn to associate sensory stimuli or their own behavioural responses to particular outcomes, which often possess a positive or negative hedonic value for the animal. In Pavlovian conditioning, in particular, an originally neutral stimulus (the conditioned stimulus
the presentation of an aversive stimulus
"... et al., 1996). In Aplysia, these stages have been particu-larly well studied in the context of sensitization, a form of learning in which an animal learns to strengthen its reflex responses to previously neutral stimuli following ..."
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et al., 1996). In Aplysia, these stages have been particu-larly well studied in the context of sensitization, a form of learning in which an animal learns to strengthen its reflex responses to previously neutral stimuli following
Stimulus-respouse compatibility with relevant and irrelevant stimulus dimensions that do and do not overlap with the response
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
, 1995
"... Five experiments were conducted using 4- and 6-choice stimulus-response compatibility tasks with graphic and alphabetic stimuli, and keypress and verbal responses. A comparison of performance with compatible, incompatible, and neutral conditions shows that when a stimulus set is perceptually, concep ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 45 (3 self)
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Five experiments were conducted using 4- and 6-choice stimulus-response compatibility tasks with graphic and alphabetic stimuli, and keypress and verbal responses. A comparison of performance with compatible, incompatible, and neutral conditions shows that when a stimulus set is perceptually
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569
