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Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation, 1365 Science 290

by Daniel J. Klionsky, Scott D. Emr , 2000
"... Macroautophagy is a dynamic process involving the rearrangement of subcellular membranes to sequester cytoplasm and organelles for delivery to the lysosome or vacuole where the sequestered cargo is degraded and recycled. This process takes place in all eukaryotic cells. It is highly regulated throug ..."
Abstract - Cited by 162 (8 self) - Add to MetaCart
through the action of various kinases, phosphatases, and guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases). The core protein machinery that is necessary to drive formation and consumption of intermediates in the macroautophagy pathway includes a ubiquitin-like protein conjugation system and a protein complex

A Lipid Pathway for Ligand Binding Is Necessary for a

by Cannabinoid G Protein-coupled Receptor*□s, Patricia H. Reggio
"... Recent isothiocyanate covalent labeling studies have sug-gested that a classical cannabinoid, ()-7-isothiocyanato-11-hydroxy-1,1dimethylheptyl-hexahydrocannabinol (AM841), enters the cannabinoid CB2 receptor via the lipid bilayer (Pei, ..."
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Recent isothiocyanate covalent labeling studies have sug-gested that a classical cannabinoid, ()-7-isothiocyanato-11-hydroxy-1,1dimethylheptyl-hexahydrocannabinol (AM841), enters the cannabinoid CB2 receptor via the lipid bilayer (Pei,

A comparative study of the behavioral deficits following lesions of various parts of the zebra finch song system: implications for vocal learning

by Constance Scharff, O Nottebohm - J Neurosci , 1991
"... Song production in song birds is controlled by an efferent pathway. Appended to this pathway is a “recursive loop” that is necessary for song acquisition but not for the pro-duction of learned song. Since zebra finches learn their song by imitating external models, we speculated that the impor-tance ..."
Abstract - Cited by 137 (9 self) - Add to MetaCart
Song production in song birds is controlled by an efferent pathway. Appended to this pathway is a “recursive loop” that is necessary for song acquisition but not for the pro-duction of learned song. Since zebra finches learn their song by imitating external models, we speculated that the impor

Specificity of Non-Michaelis-Menten Enzymes: Necessary Information for Analyzing Metabolic Pathways †

by Athel Cornish-bowden, María Luz Cárdenas
"... The specificity of an enzyme obeying the Michaelis-Menten equation is normally measured by comparing the kcat/Km for different substrates, but this is inappropriate for enzymes with a Hill coefficient h different from 1. The obvious alternative of generalizing Km in the expression as K0.5, the subst ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
.5, the substrate concentration for h half-saturation, is better, but it is not entirely satisfactory either, and here we show that kcat/K0.5 gives satisfactory h results for analyzing the kinetic behavior of metabolic pathways. The importance of using kcat/K0.5 increases with the value of h, but even when h

Network analysis of cortical visual pathways mapped with PET

by A. R. Mcintosh, C. L. Grady, L. G. Ungerleider, J. V. Haxby, S. I. Rapoport, B. Horwitzl - Journal of Neuroscience , 1994
"... Brain metabolic mapping techniques, such as positron emis-sion tomography (PET), can provide information about the functional interactions within entire neural systems. With the large quantity of data that can accumulate from a mapping study, a network analysis, which makes sense of the com-plex int ..."
Abstract - Cited by 73 (14 self) - Add to MetaCart
-plex interactions among neural elements, is necessary. A network analysis was performed on data obtained from a PET study that examined both the changes in regional ce-rebral blood flow (rCBF) and interregional correlations among human cortical areas during performance of an object vision (face matching

Competency-based learning models: a necessary future

by Richard A. Voorhees - In , 2001
"... The pathways to learning no longer lead automatically to traditional institutions of higher education. Instead they lead most directly to learning opportunities in which competencies are defined explicitly and delivery options are multiple. This new paradigm will ultimately redefine the roles of fac ..."
Abstract - Cited by 13 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
The pathways to learning no longer lead automatically to traditional institutions of higher education. Instead they lead most directly to learning opportunities in which competencies are defined explicitly and delivery options are multiple. This new paradigm will ultimately redefine the roles

PKC-b is not necessary for cardiac hypertrophy

by Brian B. Roman, David L. Geenen, Michael Leitges, Peter M. Buttrick, Brian B, David L. Geenen, Michael Leitges , 2000
"... H2264–H2270, 2001.—Studies in human and rodent models have shown that activation of protein kinase C-b (PKC-b) is associated with the development of pathological hypertrophy, suggesting that ablation of the PKC-b pathway might pre-vent or reverse cardiac hypertrophy. To explore this, we studied mice ..."
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H2264–H2270, 2001.—Studies in human and rodent models have shown that activation of protein kinase C-b (PKC-b) is associated with the development of pathological hypertrophy, suggesting that ablation of the PKC-b pathway might pre-vent or reverse cardiac hypertrophy. To explore this, we studied

Both Erk and p38 kinases are necessary for cytokine gene transcription

by Aaron Brent Carter, Martha M. Monick, Gary W. Hunninghake - Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol , 1999
"... A critical feature of sepsis-induced acute lung injury is the release of cytokines from endotoxin (LPS)stimulated alveolar macrophages (AM). LPS is also known to activate various members of the mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK) family in other types of cells. In this study, we evaluated whether ..."
Abstract - Cited by 26 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
-control levels. Nuclear run-on assays showed that the effect of these MAPK pathways on LPS-induced expression of the cytokine genes was attributable, at least in part, to regulation of gene transcription. These findings suggest that activation of both the Erk and p38 kinase pathways is necessary for optimal

ADP-ribosylation factor 6 regulates a novel plasma membrane recycling pathway

by Harish Radhakrishna, Julie G. Donaldson - J Cell Biol , 1997
"... Abstract. ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) 6 localizes to the plasma membrane (PM) in its GTP state and to a tubulovesicular compartment in its GDP state in HeLa cells that express wild-type or mutant forms of this GTPase. Aluminum fluoride (AlF) treatment of ARF6transfected cells redistributes ARF6 to ..."
Abstract - Cited by 86 (7 self) - Add to MetaCart
mimicked by expression of ARF6 mutants Q67L and T27N, which were predicted to be in either the GTP- or GDP-bound state, respectively. Thus, the ARF6 GTP cycle regulates this membrane traffic pathway. The delivery of ARF6 and membrane to defined sites along the PM may provide components necessary

Enumeration of the simian virus 40 early region elements necessary for human cell transformation.Mol

by William C. Hahn, Scott K. Dessain, Mary W. Brooks, Jessie E. King, Brian Elenbaas, David M. Sabatini, James A. Decaprio, Robert A. Weinberg - Cell. Biol , 2002
"... While it is clear that cancer arises from the accumulation of genetic mutations that endow the malignant cell with the properties of uncontrolled growth and proliferation, the precise combinations of mutations that program human tumor cell growth remain unknown. The study of the transforming protein ..."
Abstract - Cited by 43 (3 self) - Add to MetaCart
pathways through the actions of the SV40 large T antigen (LT) and the SV40 small t antigen (ST). LT simultaneously disables the retinoblastoma (pRB) and p53 tumor suppressor pathways; however, complete transformation of human cells requires the additional perturbation of protein phosphatase 2A by ST
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