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Reflections on Language.

by Noam Chomsky , 1975
"... This article reviews, and rethinks, a few leading themes of the biolinguistic program since its inception in the early 1950s, at each stage influenced by developments in the biological sciences. The following also discusses how the questions now entering the research agenda develop in a natural way ..."
Abstract - Cited by 968 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
This article reviews, and rethinks, a few leading themes of the biolinguistic program since its inception in the early 1950s, at each stage influenced by developments in the biological sciences. The following also discusses how the questions now entering the research agenda develop in a natural

Testing Equivalences for Processes

by R. De Nicola, M. C. B. Hennessy - Theoretical Computer Science , 1984
"... Abstract. Given a set of processes and a set of tests on these processes we show how to define in a natural way three different eyuitalences on processes. ThesP equivalences are applied to a particular language CCS. We give associated complete proof systems and fully abstract models. These models ha ..."
Abstract - Cited by 526 (37 self) - Add to MetaCart
Abstract. Given a set of processes and a set of tests on these processes we show how to define in a natural way three different eyuitalences on processes. ThesP equivalences are applied to a particular language CCS. We give associated complete proof systems and fully abstract models. These models

Hierarchical Models of Object Recognition in Cortex

by Maximilian Riesenhuber, Tomaso Poggio , 1999
"... The classical model of visual processing in cortex is a hierarchy of increasingly sophisticated representations, extending in a natural way the model of simple to complex cells of Hubel and Wiesel. Somewhat surprisingly, little quantitative modeling has been done in the last 15 years to explore th ..."
Abstract - Cited by 836 (84 self) - Add to MetaCart
The classical model of visual processing in cortex is a hierarchy of increasingly sophisticated representations, extending in a natural way the model of simple to complex cells of Hubel and Wiesel. Somewhat surprisingly, little quantitative modeling has been done in the last 15 years to explore

Exploiting Generative Models in Discriminative Classifiers

by Tommi Jaakkola, David Haussler - In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 11 , 1998
"... Generative probability models such as hidden Markov models provide a principled way of treating missing information and dealing with variable length sequences. On the other hand, discriminative methods such as support vector machines enable us to construct flexible decision boundaries and often resu ..."
Abstract - Cited by 551 (9 self) - Add to MetaCart
result in classification performance superior to that of the model based approaches. An ideal classifier should combine these two complementary approaches. In this paper, we develop a natural way of achieving this combination by deriving kernel functions for use in discriminative methods such as support

Weighted Voting for Replicated Data

by David K. Gifford , 1979
"... In a new algorithm for maintaining replicated data, every copy of a replicated file is assigned some number of votes. Every transaction collects a read quorum of r votes to read a file, and a write quorum of w votes to write a file, such that r+w is greater than the total number number of votes assi ..."
Abstract - Cited by 598 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
r, w, and the file's voting configuration. The algorithm guarantees serial consistency, admits temporary copies in a natural way by the introduction of copies of an application system called Violet.

Learning to detect natural image boundaries using local brightness, color, and texture cues

by David R. Martin, Charless C. Fowlkes, Jitendra Malik - PAMI , 2004
"... The goal of this work is to accurately detect and localize boundaries in natural scenes using local image measurements. We formulate features that respond to characteristic changes in brightness, color, and texture associated with natural boundaries. In order to combine the information from these fe ..."
Abstract - Cited by 625 (18 self) - Add to MetaCart
The goal of this work is to accurately detect and localize boundaries in natural scenes using local image measurements. We formulate features that respond to characteristic changes in brightness, color, and texture associated with natural boundaries. In order to combine the information from

THE NATURAL WAY TO EVOLVE HARDWARE

by Adrian Thompson, Inman Harvey, Philip Husbands , 1996
"... Artificial evolution can automatically derive the configuration of a reconfigurable hardware system such that it performs a given task. Individuals of the evolving population are evaluated when instantiated as real circuits, so if constraints inherent to human design (but not to evolution) are dropp ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
) are dropped, then the natural physical dynamics of the hardware can be exploited in new ways. The notion of an artificially evolving `species' (SAGA) allows the open-ended incremental evolution of complex circuits. Theoretical arguments are given, as well as the real-world example of an evolved hardware

A Sense of Self for Unix Processes

by Stephanie Forrest, Steven A. Hofmeyr, Anil Somayaji, Thomas A. Longstaff - In Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy , 1996
"... A method for anomaly detection is introduced in which "normal" is defined by short-range correlations in a process ' system calls. Initial experiments suggest that the definition is stable during normal behavior for standard UNIX programs. Further, it is able to detect several common ..."
Abstract - Cited by 689 (27 self) - Add to MetaCart
intrusions involving sendmail and lpr. This work is part of a research program aimed at building computer security systems that incorporate the mechanisms and algorithms used by natural immune systems. 1 Introduction We are interested in developing computer security methods that are based on the way natural

Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy

by Terrie E. Moffitt - PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW , 1993
"... A dual taxonomy is presented to reconcile 2 incongruous facts about antisocial behavior: (a) It shows impressive continuity over age, but (b) its prevalence changes dramatically over age, increasing almost 10-fold temporarily during adolescence. This article suggests that delinquency conceals 2 dist ..."
Abstract - Cited by 582 (4 self) - Add to MetaCart
distinct categories of individuals, each with a unique natural history and etiology: A small group engages in antisocial behavior of 1 sort or another at every life stage, whereas a larger group is antisocial only during adolescence. According to the theory of life-course-persistent antisocial behavior

Between MDPs and Semi-MDPs: A Framework for Temporal Abstraction in Reinforcement Learning

by Richard S. Sutton , Doina Precup , Satinder Singh , 1999
"... Learning, planning, and representing knowledge at multiple levels of temporal abstraction are key, longstanding challenges for AI. In this paper we consider how these challenges can be addressed within the mathematical framework of reinforcement learning and Markov decision processes (MDPs). We exte ..."
Abstract - Cited by 569 (38 self) - Add to MetaCart
and action to be included in the reinforcement learning framework in a natural and general way. In particular, we show that options may be used interchangeably with primitive actions in planning methods such as dynamic programming and in learning methods such as Q-learning. Formally, a set of options defined
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