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Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation.

by S Ogawa , T M Lee , A R Kay , D W Tank - Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 1990
"... ABSTRACT Paramagnetic deoxyhemoglobin in venous blood is a naturally occurring contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). By accentuating the effects of this agent through the use of gradient-echo techniques in high fields, we demonstrate in vivo images of brain microvasculature with imag ..."
Abstract - Cited by 648 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
to localized spectroscopy (2) and chemical shift imaging (3) that are applicable to many chemical species, MRI of water protons has been functionally extended to NMR angiography (4), perfusion imaging It has previously been demonstrated (8, 9) that the presence of deoxyhemoglobin in blood changes the proton

Iterative Water-filling for Gaussian Vector Multiple Access Channels

by Wei Yu, Wonjong Rhee, Stephen Boyd, John M. Cioffi - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY , 2001
"... This paper characterizes the capacity region of a Gaussian multiple access channel with vector inputs and a vector output with or without intersymbol interference. The problem of finding the optimal input distribution is shown to be a convex programming problem, and an efficient numerical algorithm ..."
Abstract - Cited by 313 (12 self) - Add to MetaCart
is developed to evaluate the optimal transmit spectrum under the maximum sum data rate criterion. The numerical algorithm has an iterative water-filling int#j pret#4968 . It converges from any starting point and it reaches with in s per output dimension per transmission from the K-user multiple access sum

2004: The Community Climate System Model, version 2

by Peter R. Gent, Gokhan Danabasoglu, Leo J. Donner, Marika M. Holland, Elizabeth C. Hunke, Steve R. Jayne, David M. Lawrence, Richard B. Neale, Philip J. Rasch, Mariana Vertenstein, Patrick H. Worley - J. Climate
"... The fourth version of the Community Climate System Model (CCSM4) was recently completed and re-leased to the climate community. This paper describes developments to all CCSM components, and docu-ments fully coupled preindustrial control runs compared to the previous version, CCSM3. Using the standar ..."
Abstract - Cited by 217 (7 self) - Add to MetaCart
to an improved sim-ulation of theGulf Stream path and the NorthAtlantic Oceanmeridional overturning circulation. Changes to the CCSM4 land component lead to a much improved annual cycle of water storage, especially in the tropics. The CCSM4 sea ice component uses much more realistic albedos than CCSM3

A pervasive millennial-scale cycle in North Atlantic Holocene and glacial climates

by Gerard Bond, William Showers, Maziet Cheseby, Rusty Lotti, Peter Almasi, Peter Demenocal, Paul Priore, Heidi Cullen, Irka Hajdas, Georges Bonani - Science , 1997
"... Evidence from North Atlantic deep sea cores reveals that abrupt shifts punctuated what is conventionally thought to have been a relatively stable Holocene climate. During each of these episodes, cool, ice-bearing waters from north of Iceland were advected as far south as the latitude of Britain. At ..."
Abstract - Cited by 209 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
Evidence from North Atlantic deep sea cores reveals that abrupt shifts punctuated what is conventionally thought to have been a relatively stable Holocene climate. During each of these episodes, cool, ice-bearing waters from north of Iceland were advected as far south as the latitude of Britain

Maximum

by Sea Level
"... water depth ..."
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water depth

Evidence for a world circulation provided by the measurements of helium and water vapour distribution in the stratosphere

by A. W. Brewer, M. Sc, A. Nst. P , 1949
"... Information is now available regarding the vertical distribution of water vapour and helium in the lower stratosphere over southern England. The helium content of the air is found to be remarkably constant up to 20 km but the water content is found to fall very rapidly just above the tropopause, and ..."
Abstract - Cited by 144 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
Information is now available regarding the vertical distribution of water vapour and helium in the lower stratosphere over southern England. The helium content of the air is found to be remarkably constant up to 20 km but the water content is found to fall very rapidly just above the tropopause

Interocean exchange of thermocline water

by Arnold L. Gordon - J. Geophys. Res , 1986
"... Formation of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) represents a transfer of upper layer water to abyssal depths at a rate of 15 to 20 x 10 6 m3/s. NADW spreads throughout the Atlantic Ocean and is exported to the Indian and Pacific Oceans by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and deep western boundary cur ..."
Abstract - Cited by 130 (4 self) - Add to MetaCart
are linked as they participate in a thermohaline-driven global scale circulation cell associated with NADW formation. The path of the return flow of warm water is as follows: Pacific to Indian flow within the Indonesian Seas, advection across the Indian Ocean in the 10ø-15øS latitude belt, southward transfer

Evaluation of transpiration in a Douglas-fir stand by means of sap flow measurements

by A. Granier - Tree Physiology , 1987
"... Transpiration of a Douglas-fir (Pseudorsuga menziesii (Mirb.) France) stand was evaluated by sap flow measurements during a 4-month period. Between-tree variation in sap flow depended on crown class. On a sunny day, total transpiration was 1.6, 8.0 and 22.0 liters day- ’ for suppressed, codomi-nant ..."
Abstract - Cited by 162 (3 self) - Add to MetaCart
-nant and dominant trees, respectively. Transpiration estimated by sap How fell below potential evapotranspiration when available soil water decreased below 30 % of its maximum value. Sap How measurements gave transpiration values similar to those obtained by the water balance method.

Computing Maximum Task Execution Times - A Graph-Based Approach

by Peter Puschner, Anton Schedl - Journal of Real-Time Systems , 1997
"... . The knowledge of program execution times is crucial for the development and the verification of real-time software. Therefore, there is a need for methods and tools to predict the timing behavior of pieces of program code and entire programs. This paper presents a novel method for the analysis of ..."
Abstract - Cited by 111 (14 self) - Add to MetaCart
of program execution times. The computation of MAximum eXecution Times (MAXTs) is mapped onto a graph-theoretical problem that is a generalization of the computation of a maximum cost circulation in a directed graph. Programs are represented by T-graphs, timing graphs, which are similar to flow graphs

Pond water aeration systems

by Claude E. Boyd , 1997
"... During the past decade, pond aeration systems have been developed which will sustain large quantities of fish and invertebrate biomass. These aeration systems are modifications of standard wastewater aeration equipment. Aeration-performance testing has been important in selecting design features to ..."
Abstract - Cited by 12 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
. Calculations suggest that about 500 kg additional production of fish or crustaceans can be achieved per kW of aeration. Aerators usually are positioned in ponds to provide maximum water circulation. This practice can result in erosion of pond bottoms and inside slopes of embankments, and accumulation
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