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Editorial: Three types of interaction

by Michael G. Moore - The American Journal of Distance Education , 1992
"... Many of the greatest problems of communicating about concepts, and, therefore, practice in distance education arise from our use of crude hypothetical constructs-terms like distance, independence, and interaction, which are used in very imprecise and general ways, each having acquired a multiplicity ..."
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to control their means of study. These are further confused with the many subspecies of each type of independence. The same could be said of the concept and term "distance " itself, which is commonly used in the most general sense to describe education characterized by separation between learner

in two wild boar subspecies

by M. Ernst, J. Kuciel, T. Urban
"... Genetic polymorphism of candidate genes and their association with performance traits of breed-ing pigs is intensively studied in many laboratories all over the world. e knowledge of polymorphism of the same candidate genes in wild boars is only marginal and has not been systematically studied yet. ..."
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Genetic polymorphism of candidate genes and their association with performance traits of breed-ing pigs is intensively studied in many laboratories all over the world. e knowledge of polymorphism of the same candidate genes in wild boars is only marginal and has not been systematically studied yet

The case for subspecialization in neurology: movement disorders

by Eric S. Farbman , 2011
"... Within the world of medicine, the advent of new treatments and new technology has resulted in an increase in the number of specialties and subspecialties. This is especially true in neurology. A widely quoted article has demonstrated that 74 % of neurology residents will do a fellowship (Larson et a ..."
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al., 2000), and given that the survey was done over 10 years ago, the number increased, as the most recent AAN resident survey gives a number of almost 78 % (Resident Survey, 2008). Movement disorders is one of the many neurology fellowships that is non-accredited. On the AAN webpage

Subspecialization in Psychiatry: Third- Generation Programs

by Joseph D. Bloom, John A. Benson
"... Psychiatry, unlike internal medicine, was slow to develop subspecialty certification. For many years, child and adolescent psychiatry was the only major subspecialty recognized by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN). The situation changed in the early 1990s with the recognition by ..."
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Psychiatry, unlike internal medicine, was slow to develop subspecialty certification. For many years, child and adolescent psychiatry was the only major subspecialty recognized by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN). The situation changed in the early 1990s with the recognition

DNA-Based Discrimination of Subspecies of Swallowtail Butterflies

by Wei-chih Tsao, Wen-bin Yeh , 2008
"... Many studies have shown that taxon identification based on DNA sequences can facilitate the recognition of known species and the discovery of new species (Blaxter 2005, Hebert et al. 2003a b). DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene can serve as a DNA barcode for identifyi ..."
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Many studies have shown that taxon identification based on DNA sequences can facilitate the recognition of known species and the discovery of new species (Blaxter 2005, Hebert et al. 2003a b). DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene can serve as a DNA barcode

Lateral gene transfer in Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

by Pradeep Reddy Marri, John P. Bannantine, Michael L. Paustian, G. Brian Golding , 2006
"... Abstract: Lateral gene transfer is an integral part of genome evolution in most bacteria. Bacteria can readily change the contents of their genomes to increase adaptability to ever-changing surroundings and to generate evolutionary novelty. Here, we report instances of lateral gene transfer in Mycob ..."
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subsp. paratuberculosis from M. avium subsp. avium, whereas the remaining 222 genes were possibly acquired by a common ancestor of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and M. avium subsp. avium after its divergence from the ancestor of M. tuberculosis complex. Many of the acquired genes were from

JT: Molecular and phenotypic divergence in the bluethroat (Luscinia svecica) subspecies complex

by Arild Johnsen, Staffan Andersson, Javier Garcia Fernandez, Bart Kempenaers, Václav Pavel, Sophie Questiau, Michael Raess - Questiau S, Raess M, Rindal E, Lifjeld
"... Subspecies complexes may provide valuable insights into the early stages of the speciation process. The bluethroat (Luscinia svecica) consists of many morphologically distinct subspecies that differ most strikingly in the ornamental colour pattern of the male throat. We investigated the genetic and ..."
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Subspecies complexes may provide valuable insights into the early stages of the speciation process. The bluethroat (Luscinia svecica) consists of many morphologically distinct subspecies that differ most strikingly in the ornamental colour pattern of the male throat. We investigated the genetic

Global Patterns and Drivers of Avian Extinctions at the Species and Subspecies Level

by unknown authors , 2012
"... Birds have long fascinated scientists and travellers, so their distribution and abundance through time have been better documented than those of other organisms. Many bird species are known to have gone extinct, but information on subspecies extinctions has never been synthesised comprehensively. We ..."
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Birds have long fascinated scientists and travellers, so their distribution and abundance through time have been better documented than those of other organisms. Many bird species are known to have gone extinct, but information on subspecies extinctions has never been synthesised comprehensively

Exploring the zoonotic potential of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis through comparative genomics

by James W. Wynne, Tim J. Bull, Torsten Seemann, Dieter M. Bulach, Josef Wagner, Carl D, Wojtek P. Michalski , 2011
"... A comparative genomics approach was utilised to compare the genomes of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) isolated from early onset paediatric Crohn’s disease (CD) patients as well as Johne’s diseased animals. Draft genome sequences were produced for MAP isolates derived from four ..."
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A comparative genomics approach was utilised to compare the genomes of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) isolated from early onset paediatric Crohn’s disease (CD) patients as well as Johne’s diseased animals. Draft genome sequences were produced for MAP isolates derived from

MARINE INSECTS OF THE TOKARA ISLANDS VII. NEW SPECIES AND NEW SUBSPECIES OF THE SUBFAMILY

by Subfamily Trechinae (coleoptera
"... The carabid-fauna of the Tokaras, a group of small islands which lie between the Islands of Yakushima and Amami-Oshima, south-west of Kyushu, should be looked for with great interest from the zoogeographical point of view. It is remark-ably different from that of any other part of Japan, even from t ..."
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of the northern islands, the Palaearctic elements seem to be dominant to a certain degree, while in Takarajima, one of the southern, the inhabitants are of quite Oriental. Many tropical species spread over Formosa to Takarajima, but do not extend to Nakanoshima. When the examples are taken up from the subfamily
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