"... In PAGE 21: ...e. the share of children under five years of age who are moderately or severely underweight) are particularly large, as shown in Table8 . If countries would meet the MDG on gender equity by 2005, malnutrition rates would be lower by several percentage points already in 2005 in half the countries, and the effect would be even larger thereafter.... ..."

"... In PAGE 27: ... 25 pushed out of regulated care by inspections, a hypothesis that is investigated further below. b) Results Using Vital Statistics Data Estimates from models estimated using the aggregate Vital Statistics data are shown in Table6 . The table shows the determinants of death rates from all accidents, accidents to automobile passengers, all other accidents, and cancer.... In PAGE 27: ... Finally, the fourth column indicates that maternal employment is associated with an increase in cancer deaths, which suggests that we should take these estimates with a large grain of salt. The second panel of Table6 shows that including the CPS controls listed in Table 4, state effects, and year effects, as well as controls for child age, sex, and race greatly reduces the estimated effects of maternal employment, although it continues to have a significant positive effect on deaths to children in cars. This finding illustrates the fact that the share of mothers who ... In PAGE 28: ... 26 also greatly increases the explanatory power of the regressions.11 The third panel of Table6 shows estimates from models that include our measures of child care regulations in addition to all of the other variables described above. In contrast to the NLSY estimates discussed above, the main effects of regulation here are identified using the full time span available, and we are able to include state fixed effects to control for underlying differences between states.... In PAGE 29: ... It is interesting to examine the effects of the control variables as well. Table6 shows that black children and male children have about the same chance of being killed while riding in a car as other children, but that they have much higher rates of other accidents. Consistent with the literature, we find that living in a one-parent family greatly increases the probability of other fatal accidents.... In PAGE 29: ... Poverty significantly reduces the probability of an accidental death, but this effect appears to be driven by a reduction in automobile deaths, which presumably reflects lower use of cars among the poor. Finally, it is interesting that states with high shares of Hispanics have lower death rates from all the causes examined in Table6 , and especially from other accidents. This observation is consistent with the epidemiological paradox that Hispanic children tend to have better health outcomes than other children even though they are poorer on average (Hernandez and Charney, ... In PAGE 30: ... 28 Table 7 shows separate estimates for blacks and whites. The estimated effects of minimum education requirements are consistent with those shown in Table6 in that these requirements significantly reduce both types of accidents but have much stronger effects for other accidents than for deaths to car passengers. However, it is remarkable that the estimated effect for blacks is twice as great as the effect for whites.... ..."

"... In PAGE 15: ... We found a similar pattern when we stratified instead by the highest education of the household head. In Table4 we report the joint effects of income and female education to test the hypothesis that income and female education interact jointly with piped water in determining child health. When we stratify by both income and education, we find that even in the bottom two quintiles, if a woman in the household has more than primary school then the household extracts significant gains from piped water in terms of lower prevalence and duration of diarrhea among children.... ..."

"... In PAGE 36: ... Table8 shows the goodness of fit of the estimated model in terms of R2.Thismeasureoffit demonstrates the degree to which the actual variation in the white-collar employment rate, the blue- collar employment rate, the school attendance rate and the average log labor earnings, classified by cohort, age, sex, education level and whether there is a preschool child, is explained by the model.... ..."

"... In PAGE 39: ... Table3 . (continue) Variable Coef.... ..."

"... In PAGE 6: ...he opportunity cost, i.e. the foregone labor earnings from work.6 Table2 shows the average earnings of children in the labor market by gender and age. Although not a great number of children under fourteen work and the earnings data are noisy, earnings from child labor are not trivial, considering that the average monthly earnings per household are approximately 1,300 pesos.... In PAGE 21: ... Despite this improvement, the drop-out of female children is still faster than male children. Although female children do not make as much earnings as male children in the labor market (Recall from Table2 ), their opportunity cost of staying in schooling such as responsibility in household work seems to be larger for female children.26 26There is little evidence that parents have unequal concern for children of difierent gender.... ..."