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Acknowledgments: This research was founded by SFB 378 ‘ALPHA ’ to the first and third author, and by a PhD scholarship to the second author, both awarded by the German Research Foundation DFG. We would like to thank Amy Schafer and Emiel Krahmer for valuable comments on an earlier version of this paper. Running title: Prosodic focus and reference determination

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Background. S. aureus shows high tolerance to acidic pH. Acidity, however, may affect antibiotic activity. We have compared the influence of acidic pH on the activity of CEM-102 (a steroid-like antibiotic carrying a free carboxyl function) vs. LNZ and CLI against S. aureus. Methods. S. aureus ATCC 25923 was grown in Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB). MICs were determined in MHB adjusted to pH 7.4 or pH 5.5. Doseeffect relationships at 24 h were examined for concentrations from 0.01 to 100 x the MIC. Results, expressed as the change in the inoculum at 24 h compared to time 0 h (T0), were used to fit a Hill equation to allow determination of the values of two key pharmacological descriptors of antibiotic activity (relative potency [EC50 or 50 % effective concentration] and maximal relative efficacy [Emax]; see Barcia-Macay et al, AAC 50(3):841-51). Results. All dose-effect relationships could be modeled using a sigmoidal function (Hill equation; R,>0.950). MICs and pharmacological descriptors at both pH values are shown in the Table. pH 7.4 pH 5.5 MIC E 0 a EC 50 b E max c MIC E 0 a EC 50 b E max c

Portfolios are systematic and purposeful collections of an individual’s work. Generally there are two types of portfolios: working portfolios, which are intended to be an all encompassing historical record and selection portfolios, where individual items are drawn together for a specific purpose. Portfolios are increasingly being used in educational settings for the purposes of learning and assessment, and in organizational contexts, for documenting professional accomplishment and competence as part of employment selection processes. In teacher preparation programs portfolios are commonly used to demonstrate teaching skills and expertise. Both working and selection portfolios have the potential to capture large amounts of data and as a result, are frequently created in electronic form. Electronic portfolios may potentially include text graphics, audio and video elements. This paper describes action research undertaken within in the School of Medical Sciences at RMIT University focusing on (a) the strengths, weaknesses, and impediments to the effective use by students of electronic portfolios as a means of systematic reflection and presentation of professional competence; and (b) prospective employers satisfaction with the structure and content of electronic portfolios as an aid in employment selection processes. Summative evaluations of tertiary physical education students ’ perceptions of using electronic portfolios were obtained via questionnaire, and employers ’ (i.e., principals and representatives from the Department of Education and Training) perceptions were investigated via a focus group interview. This paper will outline the generic electronic platform used, describe students ’ and employers ’ perceptions of the portfolio system, and provide suggestions for future development of electronic working and selection (i.e., employment) portfolios. Employers ’ and students ’ perceptions of electronic employment portfolios

Protected area management in Southern Africa is being influenced by a globalization of conservation as the Western-driven transboundary conservation movement seeks to enlarge protected areas across international borders. The ensuing resource conflict is the result of an epistemological disparity between conservation and rural livelihoods. This impacts local access to natural, social, and economic resources threatening livelihoods and the sustainability of conservation areas dependent on local popular support and legitimization. The Lubombo Transfrontier Conservation Area (Peace Park) and neighboring communities are examined using Community-integrated Geographic Information Systems as an interdisciplinary multiple-scale approach to contextualize local resource decisions within the global conservation framework.