"... In PAGE 7: ... To the extent that the metrics are successful in predicting di culty, they can help to guide the search for the architectural mechanisms. Table1 summarizes the linguistic metrics. For each theory, the proposed mea- suring unit is identi ed, along with the limit for acceptable structures (if speci ed).... In PAGE 7: ... Many of the metrics operate on intermediate parse trees and are therefore relative to a particular parsing algorithm (strategy for enumerating nonterminals); these are noted where relevant. Lewis 1993 and Gibson 1991 provide detailed critiques of most of the metrics in Table1 ; we will brie y discuss just a few here, to illustrate their nature. Kimball 1973 proposed an appealingly simple principle: human parsing proceeds top down, and no more than two sentence nodes can be parsed at the same time.... ..."

"... In PAGE 3: ... (See [13, 14] for further discussion and their conceptual development in the context of linguistic theory.) Table1 provides a starter list of standard thematic r oles; we assume the reader is familiar with verbs. What we find especially intriguing about Figure 1 is the possibility that the representational economy generalizes.... ..."

"... In PAGE 6: ... Given the diversification among modalities achieved at the su- per and generic levels, the novel basic properties that have been introduced to generate the atomic level are specific to the super and generic level fragments of the taxonomy to which they belong. Thus, the atomic level of the linguistic fragment of the taxonomy has been generated from the basic properties of text, discourse, labels/keywords and notation ( Table4 ). The atomic level of the analogue fragment of the taxonomy has been generated from the basic properties of diagram, image, map, compositional diagram, graph and conceptual diagram (Table 5).... In PAGE 7: ... Situated linguistic communication has been termed discourse and situation-independent linguistic communication has been termed text (cf. Table4 ). Videophone communication comes closer to discourse than does telephone communication because videophones establish more of a shared situation than telephones do.... In PAGE 7: ... This again means that modality theory might so far have missed out on some important type of linguistic communication. However, Table4 probably presents all the important ones. In fact, the search restrictions imposed by the taxonomy does seem to enable close-to-exhaustive search in this case.... In PAGE 7: ... 7a-7c include static and dynamic haptic language, such as Braille. Section 8 of Table4 illustrates the empirical nature of atomic level generation. One might have thought that dynamic (non-analogue sign) graphic language simply includes 8a-8c, i.... In PAGE 7: ... As argued in Section 4, the fact that some written language uses analogue signs is ultimately insignificant compared to the fact that written language is a syntactic-semantic-pragmatic system of meaning. Written hieroglyphs and other iconographic expressions, whether static or dynamic, graphic or haptic (sections 1, 3 and 4 of Table4 ), may therefore be reduced to their non- analogue, non-iconographic counterparts without effects on interface design. The quot;glyphs quot; which have been invented for expressing multi-dimensional data points in graph space are rather forms of arbitrary static graphic modalities ([17], see below).... In PAGE 7: ... Analogue speech sounds, by contrast (section 2 of Table 4), constitute a genuine sub-class of speech. As such, they have been pragmatically included in section 6 of Table4 . Static gestural language (section 1 of Table 4) has been fusioned with dynamic gestural language (section 4).... In PAGE 7: ... As such, they have been pragmatically included in section 6 of Table 4. Static gestural language (section 1 of Table4 ) has been fusioned with dynamic gestural language (section 4). Finally, the static graphic spoken language atoms (section 5) have been pragmatically fusioned with their dynamic counterparts (section 8).... In PAGE 7: ... The result of this comprehensive set of reductions is shown as six triples of atomic linguistic modalities in Figure 1 above. As already remarked, we have all the prerequisites for creating more atomic modalities than those of Table4 , but the point in doing so is not clear when our purpose is a usable theory for interface design support. 5.... In PAGE 12: ... Functional properties state which types of information the modality is good or bad at representing in context. The following example shows the list of links to inherited properties in the atomic-level gestural notation modality document ( Table4 ). Hypertext links are underlined: - linguistic modalities - static modalities - dynamic modalities - graphic modalities - notation - Static graphics have the following information chan- nels: shape, size (length, width, height), texture, reso- lution, contrast, value (grey scales), colour (including brightness, hue and saturation), position, orientation, viewing perspective, spatial arrangement, short-dura- tion repetitive change of properties.... ..."

"... In PAGE 13: ... Monads and continuations are both functors, a kind of type-lifting operations on denotations that is also the standard strategy in linguistics for dealing with side e ects. Table1 lists the most commonly used functors and shows potential common uses across natural and pro- gramming languages. This table makes clear that many functors of interest are shared a promising sign.... In PAGE 13: ... This table makes clear that many functors of interest are shared a promising sign. To illustrate that computer science can help us create a uniform theory of linguistic side e ects, I now sketch how composable contexts might be used to treat not just quanti ca- tion but also the other linguistic side e ects listed in (9) and Table1 . These sketches are by necessity rough and incomplete; they are intended only to convey the general avor desired and I believe achievable for a study of linguistic side e ects.... ..."

"... In PAGE 8: ... Finally, the fw-phrase rules are presented in Bachus-Naur Form as a context-free grammar describing the text. Table8 shows the grammar for the example sentence. 5 Evaluation and conclusions There are two principal measures by which the induction procedure outlined above can be assessed: its utility for practical language processing tasks, and whether its suppositions and results reflect current linguistic theory.... ..."

"... In PAGE 7: ... Figure 4 depicts the membership functions used in this paper for all linguistic values for both input and output linguistic variables. As shown in Table1... ..."

"... In PAGE 4: ...Table1 shows the order of the different linguistic operations which participate to give the meaning of the sentence. Table 1.... ..."

"... In PAGE 2: ... The most common heuristics that may guide the addressee recognition process is the search for linguistic markers in the utterance. Table1 contains linguistic markers that can be used as cues for addressee detection. For instance, you is the personal pronoun that refers to the meeting participants excluding the speaker of the utterance.... ..."