that are usually difficult to understand. Visual-ization, due to its potential to display large quantities of data, may overcome this limitation. We used the results of educational data mining techniques that had been applied to analyze the interdependence among courses in a uni-versity program and studied

State-of-the-art and emerging scientific applications require fast access to large quantities of data and commensurately fast computational resources. Both resources and data are often distributed in a wide-area network with components administered locally and independently. Computations may

This paper shows that the accuracy of learned text classifiers can be improved by augmenting a small number of labeled training documents with a large pool of unlabeled documents. This is important because in many text classification problems obtaining training labels is expensive, while large

Multiscalar processors use a new, aggressive implementation paradigm for extracting large quantities of instruction level parallelism from ordinary high level language programs. A single program is divided into a collection of tasks by a combination of software and hardware. The tasks

In Western culture, we effortlessly use numerical concepts and symbols in our everyday lives – especially the positive integers. These convey a notion of preciseness and objectivity, and we readily assume that almost everything can be expressed as a numerical value. For instance,

It is now well established that, under certain conditions, the macrophage can display effector cell function toward a variety of neoplastic cells (1-5). This process is facilitated by a series of reactions that alter the functional state of the macrophage to produce an activated mononuclear phagocyte (6-8). Current evidence indicates that activation is initiated and/or augmented by a nonspecific T cell product denoted macrophage-activating factor (MAF) (9-13). 1 MAF has been shown to develop in vitro after the interaction of immune T lymphocytes with antigen-pulsed macrophages or mitogen stimulation of normal splenic cell suspensions and is thought to alter a number of functional and biochemical properties of macrophages (reviewed in 14). The biochemical identity of MAF, and therefore the elucidation of its mechanism of action on macrophage populations, have remained ill-defined. In part, this has been due to the limited amounts of MAF produced under conventional conditions, amounts insufficient to achieve a full biochemical purification of this factor. In addition, because conventional culture supernatants of activated T cells normally contain a heterogeneous mixture of lymphokines that can affect macrophage function

It is argued that P-values and the tests based upon them give unsatisfactory results, especially in large samples. It is shown that, in regression, when there are many candidate independent variables, standard variable selection procedures can give very misleading results. Also, by selecting a

the quantity R*(d). defined as the infimum of rates R such that (with E> 0 arbitrarily small and with suitably large n) communication is possible in the above setting at an average distortion level (as defined above) not exceeding d + E. The main result is that R*(d) = inf[Z(X,Z)- Z(Y,Z)], where

-throughput parallel DNA synthesis technologies developed for the manufacture of DNA microarrays can produce libraries of large numbers of different oligonucleotides, but in very limited amounts. Here, we compare three approaches to prepare large quantities of single-stranded oligonucleotide libraries derived from

, processing, storage, and germination testing of other submersed aquatic plant species (Ailstock and Shafer 2006). A limiting factor for the efficient production of the large numbers of seeds contemplated by large-scale restoration has been the processing of large quantities of seed-bearing stems to isolate