elements in an attractor. The method is tested on model systems with known Lyapunov spectra, and applied to data for the Belousov-Zhabotinskii reaction and Couette-Taylor flow. Contents 1.

It is well known that head-of-line (HOL) blocking limits the throughput of an input-queued switch with FIFO queues. Under certain conditions, the throughput can be shown to be limited to approximately 58%. It is also known that if non-FIFO queueing policies are used, the throughput can

in the tandem mass spectrum. In general, a difference greater than 0.1 between the normalized cross-correlation functions of the first- and second-ranked search results indicates a successfol match between sequence and spectrum. Searches of species-specific protein databases with tandem mass spectra acquired

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pRB, the product of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene, operates in the midst of the cell cycle clock appara-tus. Its main role is to act as a signal transducer connecting the cell cycle clock with the transcriptional machinery. In this role, pRB allows the clock to control the expression of banks of genes that mediate advance of the cell through a critical phase of its growth cycle. Loss of pRB function deprives the clock and thus the cell of an important mecha-nism for braking cell proliferation through modulation of gene expression. pRB and the G1 Restriction Point pRB exerts most and perhaps all of its effects in a defined window of time in the first two thirds of the G1 phase of the cell cycle. As demonstrated by Pardee almost two de-cades ago, this is the time window during which the mam-

On the existence of a common quadratic

First published as an Advance Article on the web 3rd January 2001 The electrochemical generation and characterisation of a variety of o-quinodimethanes (o-QDMs) are described together with the outcome of preparative experiments in which they are key intermediates. The quinodimethanes are conveniently formed, in DMF, by both direct and redox-catalysed electroreduction of 1,2-bis(halomethyl)arenes. Their predominant reaction is polymerisation to poly(o-xylylene) (o-PX) polymers. In the presence of dienophiles the electrogenerated o-QDMs may undergo efficient cycloaddition reaction and distinctions between the possible mechanisms have been attempted on the basis of voltammetric, preparative and stereochemical experiments. Contrary to the precedent of the corresponding methyl ester, diphenyl maleate radical-anion isomerises only slowly to the fumarate radical-anion, yet co-electrolysis of 2,3-bis(bromomethyl)-1,4-dimethoxybenzene and diphenyl maleate or diphenyl fumarate gives exclusively the corresponding trans-adduct. Co-electrolysis of dimethyl maleate with either 1,2-bis(bromomethyl)benzene (more easily reduced) or 2,3-bis(bromomethyl)-1,4-dimethoxybenzene (less easily reduced) gave only o-PX polymer. The results are rationalised in terms of a double nucleophilic substitution mechanism where electron transfer between dienophile radical-anion and dihalide is relatively slow. Where electron transfer from maleate or fumarate radical-anions is likely to be fast o-quinodimethanes are formed by redox-catalysis and they polymerise rather than undergo Diels–Alder reaction. Dimerisation of the dienophile radical-anions, with k2 = 104 to 105 M1 s1, does not apparently compete with nucleophilic substitution or, where relevant, electron transfer.

Boolean networks and little is known about how far their solutions are away from the optimal ones. This paper presents a theoretical breakthrough which shows that the LUT-based FPGA technology mapping problem for depth minimization can be solved optimally in polynomial time. A key step in our algorithm

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the mission of improving DoD’s understanding of the national security implications of the Information Age. Focusing upon improving both the state of the art and the state of the practice of command and control, the CCRP helps DoD take full advantage of the opportunities afforded by emerging technologies. The CCRP pursues a broad program of research and analysis in information superiority, information operations, command and control theory, and associated operational concepts that enable us to leverage shared awareness to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of assigned missions. An important aspect of the CCRP program is its ability to serve as a bridge between the operational, technical, analytical, and educational communities. The CCRP provides leadership for the command and control research community by: n n