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A capacity theory of comprehension: Individual differences in working memory

by Marcel Adam Just, Patricia A. Carpenter - Psychological Review , 1992
"... A theory of the way working memory capacity constrains comprehension is proposed. The theory proposes that both processing and storage are mediated by activation and that the total amount of activation available in working memory varies among individuals. Individual differences in working memory cap ..."
Abstract - Cited by 700 (21 self) - Add to MetaCart
A theory of the way working memory capacity constrains comprehension is proposed. The theory proposes that both processing and storage are mediated by activation and that the total amount of activation available in working memory varies among individuals. Individual differences in working memory

Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test

by Anthony G. Greenwald, Debbie E. McGhee, et al. - J PERSONALITY SOCIAL PSYCHOL 74:1464–1480 , 1998
"... An implicit association test (IAT) measures differential association of 2 target concepts with an attribute. The 2 concepts appear in a 2-choice task (e.g., flower vs. insect names), and the attribute in a 2nd task (e.g., pleasant vs. unpleasant words for an evaluation attribute). When instructions ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1008 (63 self) - Add to MetaCart
experiments, the IAT was sensitive to (a) near-universal evaluative differences (e.g., flower vs. insect), (b) expected individual differences in evaluative associations (Japanese + pleasant vs. Korean + pleasant for Japanese vs. Korean subjects), and (c) consciously disavowed evaluative differences (Black

The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex “Frontal Lobe” tasks: a latent variable analysis

by Akira Miyake, Naomi P. Friedman, Michael J. Emerson, Alexander H. Witzki, Amy Howerter, Tor D. Wager - COGNIT PSYCHOL , 2000
"... This individual differences study examined the separability of three often postulated executive functions—mental set shifting ("Shifting"), information updating and monitoring ("Updating"), and inhibition of prepotent responses ("Inhibition")—and their roles in complex ..."
Abstract - Cited by 696 (9 self) - Add to MetaCart
This individual differences study examined the separability of three often postulated executive functions—mental set shifting ("Shifting"), information updating and monitoring ("Updating"), and inhibition of prepotent responses ("Inhibition")—and their roles in complex

Justice and the politics of difference

by Diane H. Young, John W , 1990
"... Educators frequently recommend that children read aloud to parents at home in the belief that the activity will positively contribute to children's literacy growth. From a research perspective, however, little is known about these at-home reading experiences. Using a social constructivist theor ..."
Abstract - Cited by 511 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
theoretical perspective, the present study investigated the relationships between children's reading ability, children's sex, mothers ' educational level, and mothers ' helping behaviors during children's at-home oral reading practice. Seventy-six mother-child pairs from a suburban

Have Individual Stocks Become More Volatile? An Empirical Exploration of Idiosyncratic Risk

by John Y. Campbell, Martin Lettau, Burton G. Malkiel, Yexiao Xu - THE JOURNAL OF FINANCE • VOL. LVI , 2001
"... This paper uses a disaggregated approach to study the volatility of common stocks at the market, industry, and firm levels. Over the period 1962–1997 there has been a noticeable increase in firm-level volatility relative to market volatility. Accordingly, correlations among individual stocks and the ..."
Abstract - Cited by 526 (18 self) - Add to MetaCart
This paper uses a disaggregated approach to study the volatility of common stocks at the market, industry, and firm levels. Over the period 1962–1997 there has been a noticeable increase in firm-level volatility relative to market volatility. Accordingly, correlations among individual stocks

Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses

by Daphna Oyserman, Heather M. Coon, Markus Kemmelmeier - Psychological Bulletin , 2002
"... Are Americans more individualistic and less collectivistic than members of other groups? The authors summarize plausible psychological implications of individualism–collectivism (IND-COL), meta-analyze cross-national and within-United States IND-COL differences, and review evidence for effects of IN ..."
Abstract - Cited by 520 (11 self) - Add to MetaCart
Are Americans more individualistic and less collectivistic than members of other groups? The authors summarize plausible psychological implications of individualism–collectivism (IND-COL), meta-analyze cross-national and within-United States IND-COL differences, and review evidence for effects

Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms: a comparative case study and the strength pareto approach

by Eckart Zitzler, Lothar Thiele - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION , 1999
"... Evolutionary algorithms (EA’s) are often well-suited for optimization problems involving several, often conflicting objectives. Since 1985, various evolutionary approaches to multiobjective optimization have been developed that are capable of searching for multiple solutions concurrently in a singl ..."
Abstract - Cited by 813 (22 self) - Add to MetaCart
single run. However, the few comparative studies of different methods presented up to now remain mostly qualitative and are often restricted to a few approaches. In this paper, four multiobjective EA’s are compared quantitatively where an extended 0/1 knapsack problem is taken as a basis. Furthermore, we

Application of Phylogenetic Networks in Evolutionary Studies

by Daniel H. Huson, David Bryant - SUBMITTED TO MBE 2005 , 2005
"... The evolutionary history of a set of taxa is usually represented by a phylogenetic tree, and this model has greatly facilitated the discussion and testing of hypotheses. However, it is well known that more complex evolutionary scenarios are poorly described by such models. Further, even when evoluti ..."
Abstract - Cited by 887 (15 self) - Add to MetaCart
a conservative statistical test for whether the conflicting signal in a network is treelike. Finally, this paper describes a new program SplitsTree4, an interactive and comprehensive tool for inferring different types of phylogenetic networks from sequences, distances and trees.

The illusion of Control

by Ellen J. Langer - Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 1975
"... A series of studies was conducted to elucidate a phenomenon here referred to as the "illusion of control. " An illusion of control was denned as an ex-pectancy of a personal success probability inappropriately higher than the ob-jective probability would warrant. It was predicted that fact ..."
Abstract - Cited by 607 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
that factors from skill situa-tions (competition, choice, familiarity, involvement) introduced into chance situations cause individuals to feel inappropriately confident. In Study 1 sub-jects cut cards against either a confident or a nervous competitor; in Study 2 lottery participants were or were not given a

A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation

by Ikujiro Nonaka - Organization Science , 1994
"... to stimulate the next wave of research on organization learning. It provides a conceptual framework for research on the differences and similarities of learning by individuals, groups, and organizations. ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1917 (3 self) - Add to MetaCart
to stimulate the next wave of research on organization learning. It provides a conceptual framework for research on the differences and similarities of learning by individuals, groups, and organizations.
Results 1 - 10 of 571,064