Pashto is spoken by over twelve million people, more than half of whom live in Afghanistan. The rest live in Pakistan, with a few outposts in India and Bangla Desh. At times, it appears that there are almost as many varieties of the language as there are families of native speakers, but the main isogloss runs from Peshawar in the northwest to Jaldak,

A general framework for using Monte Carlo methods in dynamic systems is provided and its wide applications indicated. Under this framework, several currently available techniques are studied and generalized to accommodate more complex features. All of these methods are partial combinations of three

In this paper, we provide a systematic comparison of various evolutionary approaches to multiobjective optimization using six carefully chosen test functions. Each test function involves a particular feature that is known to cause difficulty in the evolutionary optimization process, mainly

be used to provide in vivo real-time maps of blood oxygenation in the brain under normal physiological conditions. BOLD contrast adds an additional feature to magnetic resonance imaging and complements other techniques that are attempting to provide positron emission tomographylike measurements related

In this paper we develop a new multiaccess protocol for ad hoc radio networks. The protocol is based on the original MACA protocol with the adition of a separate signalling channel. The unique feature of our protocol is that it conserves battery power at nodes by intelligently powering off nodes

for feature sizes of 0:8m, 0:35m, and 0:18m. Performance results and trends are expressed in terms of issue width and window size. Our analysis indicates that window wakeup and selection logic as well as operand bypass logic are likely to be the most critical in the future. A microarchitecture that simplifies

during search and its most distinguishing feature is the augmentation of basic backtracking search with a powerfil confzict analysis procedure. Analyzing confzicts to determine their cawes enables GRASP to backtrack non-chronologically to earlier levels in the search tree, potentially pruning large

The contingent-claims approach implies that the debt claim has features similar to a short position in a put option. Since option values increase with volatility, it follows that this model predicts credit spreads should increase with volatility. This prediction is intuitive: increased volatility increases

than a day. This study aims to summarize the essence of some major poverty indices and relating axioms to con-tribute to worldwide poverty reduction from academic aspects, surveying relevant literatures.

A hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation was proposed and tested in a college classroom. Mastery, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goals were assessed and their antecedents and consequences examined. Results indicated that mastery goals were grounded