conditions and leads to a uniform treatment of rules and proofs whereby rules are viewed as proofs of higher-order judgements and proof checking is reduced to type checking. The practical benefit of our treatment of formal systems is that logic-independent tools such as proof editors and proof checkers

As the use of SAT solvers as core engines in EDA applications grows, it becomes increasingly important to validate their correctness. In this paper, we describe the implementation of an independent resolution-based checking procedure that can check the validity of unsatisfiable claims produced

Decision procedures for decidable logics and logical theories have proven to be useful tools in verification. This paper describes the CVC ("Cooperating Validity Checker") decision procedure. CVC implements a framework for combining subsidiary decision procedures for certain logical

Abstract. This paper describes a major new release of the PRISM probabilistic model checker, adding, in particular, quantitative verification of (priced) probabilistic timed automata. These model systems exhibiting probabilistic, nondeterministic and real-time characteristics. In many application

easily and independently of the model checker by simulating it on the program. On the other hand, no such certicate is produced if the check succeeds. In this paper, we show how this asymmetry can be eliminated with a certifying model checker. The key idea is that, with some extra bookkeeping, a model

Abstract. Properties are proved about INSTANCE, a theorem prover module that recognizes that a formula is a special case and/or an alphabetic variant of another formula, and about INSURER, another theorem prover module that decomposes a problem, represented by a formula, into independent

Model checkers such as FDR have been extremely effective in checking for, and finding, attacks on cryptographic protocols -- see, for example [16, 20] and many of the papers in [7]. Their use in proving protocols has, on the other hand, generally been limited to showing that a given small

The Internet is composed of many independent autonomous systems (ASes) that exchange reachability information to destinations using the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Network operators in each AS configure BGP routers to control the routes that are learned, selected, and announced to other routers

security protocols with model checkers by data

CloniZER spell checker is an adaptive, language independent and 'built-in error pattern free ' spell checker tool which is based on 'Ternary Search Tree ' data structure. It suggests the proper form of the misspelled words using nondeterministic traverse. In other words