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68,868
Learning and development in neural networks: The importance of starting small
- Cognition
, 1993
"... It is a striking fact that in humans the greatest learnmg occurs precisely at that point in time- childhood- when the most dramatic maturational changes also occur. This report describes possible synergistic interactions between maturational change and the ability to learn a complex domain (language ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 531 (17 self)
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(language), as investigated in con-nectionist networks. The networks are trained to process complex sentences involving relative clauses, number agreement, and several types of verb argument structure. Training fails in the case of networks which are fully formed and ‘adultlike ’ in their capacity. Training
A closed-form solution for options with stochastic volatility with applications to bond and currency options
- Review of Financial Studies
, 1993
"... I use a new technique to derive a closed-form solution for the price of a European call option on an asset with stochastic volatility. The model allows arbitrary correlation between volatility and spotasset returns. I introduce stochastic interest rates and show how to apply the model to bond option ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 1512 (6 self)
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I use a new technique to derive a closed-form solution for the price of a European call option on an asset with stochastic volatility. The model allows arbitrary correlation between volatility and spotasset returns. I introduce stochastic interest rates and show how to apply the model to bond
On understanding types, data abstraction, and polymorphism
- ACM COMPUTING SURVEYS
, 1985
"... Our objective is to understand the notion of type in programming languages, present a model of typed, polymorphic programming languages that reflects recent research in type theory, and examine the relevance of recent research to the design of practical programming languages. Object-oriented languag ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 845 (13 self)
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-oriented languages provide both a framework and a motivation for exploring the interaction among the concepts of type, data abstraction, and polymorphism, since they extend the notion of type to data abstraction and since type inheritance is an important form of polymorphism. We develop a λ-calculus-based model
An Information-Theoretic Definition of Similarity
- In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Machine Learning
, 1998
"... Similarity is an important and widely used concept. Previous definitions of similarity are tied to a particular application or a form of knowledge representation. We present an informationtheoretic definition of similarity that is applicable as long as there is a probabilistic model. We demonstrate ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 1243 (0 self)
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Similarity is an important and widely used concept. Previous definitions of similarity are tied to a particular application or a form of knowledge representation. We present an informationtheoretic definition of similarity that is applicable as long as there is a probabilistic model. We demonstrate
Automatic Musical Genre Classification Of Audio Signals
- IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SPEECH AND AUDIO PROCESSING
, 2002
"... ... describe music. They are commonly used to structure the increasing amounts of music available in digital form on the Web and are important for music information retrieval. Genre categorization for audio has traditionally been performed manually. A particular musical genre is characterized by sta ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 829 (35 self)
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... describe music. They are commonly used to structure the increasing amounts of music available in digital form on the Web and are important for music information retrieval. Genre categorization for audio has traditionally been performed manually. A particular musical genre is characterized
Foundations for the Study of Software Architecture
- ACM SIGSOFT SOFTWARE ENGINEERING NOTES
, 1992
"... The purpose of this paper is to build the foundation for software architecture. We first develop an intuition for software architecture by appealing to several well-established architectural disciplines. On the basis of this intuition, we present a model of software architec-ture that consists of th ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 812 (35 self)
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of three components: elements, form, and rationale. Elements are either processing, data, or connecting elements. Form is defined in terms of the properties of, and the relationships among, the elements-- that is, the constraints on the elements. The ratio-nale provides the underlying basis
A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition
- PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE
, 1989
"... Although initially introduced and studied in the late 1960s and early 1970s, statistical methods of Markov source or hidden Markov modeling have become increasingly popular in the last several years. There are two strong reasons why this has occurred. First the models are very rich in mathematical s ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 5892 (1 self)
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structure and hence can form the theoretical basis for use in a wide range of applications. Sec-ond the models, when applied properly, work very well in practice for several important applications. In this paper we attempt to care-fully and methodically review the theoretical aspects of this type
Systems Competition and Network Effects
- JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES—VOLUME 8, NUMBER 2—SPRING 1994—PAGES 93–115
, 1994
"... Many products have little or no value in isolation, but generate value when combined with others. Examples include: nuts and bolts, which together provide fastening services; home audio or video components and programming, which together provide entertainment services; automobiles, repair parts and ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 544 (6 self)
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photographic services. These are all examples of products that are strongly complementary, although they need not be consumed in fixed proportions. We describe them as forming systems, which refers to collections of two or more components together with an interface that allows the components to work together
Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons
- Journal of Neurophysiology
, 1998
"... Schultz, Wolfram. Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons. is called rewards, which elicit and reinforce approach behav-J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1–27, 1998. The effects of lesions, receptor ior. The functions of rewards were developed further during blocking, electrical self-stimulation, and drugs ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 747 (12 self)
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of abuse suggest the evolution of higher mammals to support more sophistithat midbrain dopamine systems are involved in processing reward cated forms of individual and social behavior. Thus biologiinformation and learning approach behavior. Most dopamine neucal and cognitive needs define the nature
A case study of open source software development: the Apache server
- In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2000
, 2000
"... According to its proponents, open source style software development has the capacity to compete successfully, and perhaps in many cases displace, traditional commercial development methods. In order to begin investigating such claims, we examine the development process of a major open source applica ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 806 (32 self)
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process, which performs well on important measures. We conclude that hybrid forms of development that borrow the most effective techniques from both the OSS and commercial worlds may lead to high performance software processes.
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