This paper analyzes the fundamental changes in market structures that may result from the increasing use of information technology. First, an analytic framework is presented and its usefulness is demonstrated in explaining several major historical changes in American business structures. Then

Warped compactifications with significant warping provide one of the few known mechanisms for naturally generating large hierarchies of physical scales. We demonstrate that this mechanism is realizable in string theory, and give examples involving orientifold compactifications of IIB string theory

-based models can be used to represent the topology of large networks, particularly aspects of locality and hierarchy present in the Internet. Two implementations that generate networks whose topology resembles that of typical internetworks are described, together with publicly available source code.

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The use of hierarchy is an important component of object-oriented design. Hierarchy allows the use of type families, in which higher level supertypes capture the behavior that all of their subtypes have in common. For this methodology to be effective, it is necessary to have a clear understanding

The proliferation of topic hierarchies for text documents has resulted in a need for tools that automatically classify new documents within such hierarchies. Existing classification schemes which ignore the hierarchical structure and treat the topics as separate classes are often inadequate in text

We present a new and more symmetric version of the circumscription method of nonmonotonic reasoning first described in (McCarthy 1980) and some applications to formalizing common sense knowledge. The applications in this paper are mostly based on minimizing the abnormality of different aspects

Blocking is a well-known optimization technique for improving the effectiveness of memory hierarchies. Instead of operating on entire rows or columns of an array, blocked algorithms operate on submatrices or blocks, so that data loaded into the faster levels of the memory hierarchy are reused

visualized in Cytoscape. BiNGO maps the predominant functional themes of the tested gene set on the GO hierarchy, and takes advantage of Cytoscape’s versatile visualization environment to produce an intuitive and customizable visual representation of the results.

computationally effective reasoning algorithm based on constraint- propagation. This system is notable in offering a delicate balance between expressive power and the efficiency of its deductive engine. A notion of reference intervals is introduced which captures the temporal hierarchy implicit in many domains