Experimental sentence comprehension studies have shown that superficially similar German clauses with verb-final word order elicit very different garden-path and ERP effects. We show that a computer implementation of the Unification Space parser (Vosse & Kempen, 2000) in the form of a localist-connectionist network can model the observed differ-ences, at least qualitatively. The model embodies a parallel dynamic parser that, in contrast with existing models, does not distinguish between consecutive first-pass and reanalysis stages, and does not use semantic or thematic roles. It does use structural frequency data and animacy information.

to be privileged during syntactic processes of production. We consider two possible models of how animacy might influence syntactic processing: through an effect on grammatical function assignment, or through a direct effect on word order. We argue that experimental cross-linguistic evidence supports a third model

In learning their native language, children develop a remarkable set of capabilities. They acquire knowledge and skills that enable them to produce and comprehend an indefinite number of novel utterances, and to make quite subtle judgments about certain of their properties. The major goal of psycholinguistic research is to devise an explanatory account of the mental operations that underlie these linguistic abilities. In pursuing this goal, we have adopted what we call the Competence Hypothesis as a methodological principle. We assume that an explanatory model of human language performance will incorporate a theoretically justi ed representation of the native speaker's linguistic knowledge (a grammar) as a component separate both from the computational mechanisms that operate on it (a processor) and from other nongrammatical processing parameters that might influence the processor's behavior. To a certain extent the various components that we postulate can be studied independently, guided where appropriate by the well-established methods and evaluation standards of linguistics, computer science, and experimental psychology. However, the requirement that the various components ultimately must fit together in a consistent and coherent model imposes even stronger constraints on their structure and operation.

and optimizations which result in high-speed operation. Three applications for tagging are described: phrase recognition; word sense disambiguation; and grammatical function assignment.

This paper analyzes data on 11,600 students and their teachers who were randomly assigned to different size classes from kindergarten through third grade. Statistical methods are used to adjust for nonrandom attrition and transitions between classes. The main conclusions are (1) on average

sequence { 2k}, where zk E %, the reproduction alphabet. The average distorjion level is (l/n) cl = 1 E[D(X,,z&, where D(x, $ 2 0, x E I, 2 E J, is a pre-assigned distortion measure. The special assumption made here is that the decoder has access to the side information {Yk}. In this paper we determine

Today's wireless networks are characterized by a fixed spectrum assignment policy. However, a large portion of the assigned spectrum is used sporadically and geographical variations in the utilization of assigned spectrum ranges from 15% to 85% with a high variance in time. The limited

We consider the problem of routing traffic to optimize the performance of a congested network. We are given a network, a rate of traffic between each pair of nodes, and a latency function for each edge specifying the time needed to traverse the edge given its congestion; the objective is to route

#semantic and syntactic# of several thousand words and phrases, each accompanied by #c# a representative collection of annotated corpus attestations, which jointly exemplify the observed linkings between #frame elements" and their syntactic realizations #e.g. grammatical function, phrase type

Abstract-We make an analogy between images and statistical mechanics systems. Pixel gray levels and the presence and orientation of edges are viewed as states of atoms or molecules in a lattice-like physical system. The assignment of an energy function in the physical system determines its Gibbs