from task-related or goal-driven processes. Participants in 3 eye-tracking experiments were presented with triplets of either numbers or object and animal names. In Experiment 1, participants indicated whether the size of the referent of the middle object or animal name was in between the size of the 2

their preferred learning patterns in their learning activities, and the learning achievement is affected by the learning process. Based on these findings, we try to optimise the process of learning activities using the extracted learning patterns, infer the learning goal of target students, and provide a goal-driven

characteristics of goal-driven learning: (i) that learning is active, and strategic, goal-driven processes underlie much of the learning that occurs during the performance of analytical tasks in complex, real-world domains; (ii) that learning is experiential and occurs incrementally through the performance of a

and techniques presented. The latter are discussed in the framework of the KAOS methodology for goal-driven requirements engineering.

that explanation should be modeled as a goaldriven learning process for gathering and transforming information, and discusses the issues involved in developing an active multi-strategy process for goal-driven explanation. Introduction Many AI systems construct explanations for internal use to further

the requirements in advance causes change requests, cost and time overruns, or even project cancellation. This paper continues the line of thought of iterative process models by regarding software development as a process iteratively converging business goals and technology from both sides. This "goaldriven

for understanding and evaluating de-signs. Furthermore, design patterns should assist developers in the goal-driven design process by providing a catalogue of design goals that should be considered in the context of the design pattern and a guide on how these design goals could be translated into implementation

We describe the structure and functioning of an answer-extraction system built from the ground up, in only three man-months, using shallow text-processing techniques. Underlying these techniques is the attribution to each question of a goal type serving to characterize the outward form of candidate

goals during the performance of a reasoning task, the prioritization of learning goals, and the pursuit of learning goals using multiple learning strategies (Hunter, 1990; Ram, 1989, 1991; Ram & Cox, 1994; Ram & Hunter, 1992). However, while previous efforts have focused on the process

, although it is grounded on a formal framework here. Keywords: Goal-driven requirements engineering, refinement,