The purpose of this paper is to study the fundamental mechanism humans use in argumentation and its role in different major approaches to commonsense reasoning in AI and logic programming. We present three novel results: We develop a theory for argumentation in which the acceptability of arguments

The Internet has been a startling and dramatic success. However, multimedia applications, with their novel traffic characteristics and service requirements, pose an interesting challenge to the technical foundations of the Internet. In this paper we address some of the fundamental architectural

Articial intelligence researchers attempting to create engaging apparently living creatures may nd important insight in the work of artists who have explored the idea of believable character In particular appropriately timed and clearly expressed emotion is a central requirement for believable characters We discuss these ideas and suggest how they may apply to believable interactive characters which we call believable agents This work was supported in part by Fujitsu Laboratories and Mitsubishi Electric Research Laborato ries The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the ocial policies either expressed or implied of any other parties Keywords articial intelligence emotion believable agents art animation believable characters BELIEVABILITY Believability There is a notion in the Arts of believable character It does not mean an honest or reliable character but one that provides the illusion of life and thus permits the audience s suspension of disbelief The idea of believability has long been studied and explored in literature theater lm radio drama and other media Traditional character animators are among those artists who have sought to create believable characters and the Disney animators of the s made great strides toward this goal The rst page of the enormous classic reference work on Disney animation Thomas and Johnston begins with these words Disney animation makes audiences really believe in characters whose adventures and misfortunes make people laugh and even cry There is a special ingredient in our type of animation that produces drawings that appear to think and make decisions and act of their own volition it is what creates the illusion of life Many articial intelligence researchers have long wished to build robots and their cousins called agents that seem to think feel and live These are creatures with whom you d want to share some of your life as with a companion or a social pet For instance in his

The history of the theory and practice of quantization dates to 1948, although similar ideas had appeared in the literature as long ago as 1898. The fundamental role of quantization in modulation and analog-to-digital conversion was first recognized during the early development of pulsecode

This article examines the fundamental

: Reasoning about knowledge seems to play a fundamental role in distributed systems. Indeed, such reasoning is a central part of the informal intuitive arguments used in the design of distributed protocols. Communication in a distributed system can be viewed as the act of transforming the system

In this article we propose a standard for role-based access control (RBAC). Although RBAC models have received broad support as a generalized approach to access control, and are well recognized for their many advantages in performing large-scale authorization management, no single authoritative

The theoretical framework presented in this article explains expert performance as the end result of individuals ' prolonged efforts to improve performance while negotiating motivational and external constraints. In most domains of expertise, individuals begin in their childhood a regimen of effortful activities (deliberate practice) designed to optimize improvement. Individual differences, even among elite performers, are closely related to assessed amounts of deliberate practice. Many characteristics once believed to reflect innate talent are actually the result of intense practice extended for a minimum of 10 years. Analysis of expert performance provides unique evidence on the potential and limits of extreme environmental adaptation and learning. Our civilization has always recognized exceptional individuals, whose performance in sports, the arts, and science is vastly superior to that of the rest of the population. Speculations on the causes of these individuals ' extraordinary abilities and performance are as old as the first records of their achievements. Early accounts commonly attribute these individuals' outstanding performance to divine intervention, such as the

and Puri is an associate professor of finance in the

of access control is unfounded and inappropriate for many commercial and civilian government organizations. The paper describes a type of non-discretionary access control - role-based access control (RBAC) - that is more central to the secure processing needs of non-military systems then DAC. 1 Introduction