changes. Below, we investigate the determinants of credit spread changes. From a contingent-claims, or noarbitrage standpoint, credit spreads obtain for two fundamental reasons: 1) there is a risk of default, and 2) in the event of default, the bondholder receives only a portion of the promised payments

From the standpoint of supporting human-centered discovery of knowledge, the present-day model of mining association rules suffers from the following serious shortcom- ings: (i) lack of user exploration and control, (ii) lack of focus, and (iii) rigid notion of relationships. In effect, this model

in contact with oxygen and is occasionally exposed to ultraviolet light, skin is one of the best target organs of environmental photo-oxidative stress. A growing body of evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species are generated by ultraviolet irradiation resulting in the structural and functional

this paper, we will present the objectives and results of the Eurescom Project Pl109 [1]. The overall goal is to support this view, in evaluating solutions for NGNs from a service-offering standpoint and understanding the wider effects of introducing NGNs in terms of the inter

of an entropy, in spite of their apparent variety. Finally, we discuss its limitations and present the Bayesian statistical approach which allows local properties to be introduced in the estimated image through Markov random fields and associated local energy functions.

should be used after a functional assessment has identified the consequence maintaining challenging behavior so that the reinforcer delivered in NCR matches the reinforcer that maintains challenging behavior. Initially, rein-forcement may need to be given on an almost continuous basis, which may

, recognition, signaling, regulation, and metabolic pathways of cells and organisms. Here, we describe the main areas of virtual protein interactomics, that is, structurally based comparative analysis and prediction of functionally important interacting sites, mimotope-assisted and combined epitope prediction

in setting up the computer control system in Main Control Center for Stanford University's Accelerator Center (a high energy physics research facility). (In this complex system both open and closed loop computer controls are used, as well as large numbers of manual functions.

in the perception of the rural economy as a diversified, multifunctional socioeconomic system, whose development aimed at the welfare of the rural population. As the goal of rural economies is ensuring high welfare standards of the rural population, providing interconnection problems in the functioning

) the details in engineering and operating a fully functional streaming system, addressing a wide range of real-world issues that are not typically considered in protocol design studies, and (iii) the data, analysis methodology, and experience that we are able to report given our unique standpoint.