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A Comparative Study of Alternative FACS Coding Algorithms

by Jeffrey F. Cohn, Takeo Kanade, Tsuyoshi Moriyama, Zara Ambadar, Jing Xiao, Jiang Gao, Hiroki Imamura , 2001
"... This report describes the results of automated facial expression analysis by the CMU/Pittsburgh group. An interdisciplinary team of consultants, who have combined expertise in computer vision and in facial analysis, will compare the results of this report with those in a separate report submitted by ..."
Abstract - Cited by 9 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
This report describes the results of automated facial expression analysis by the CMU/Pittsburgh group. An interdisciplinary team of consultants, who have combined expertise in computer vision and in facial analysis, will compare the results of this report with those in a separate report submitted by UCSD group. BACKGROUND People communicate not only by speech and written language but also by their tone of voice, the way they stand or move and their patterns of gaze. These modes of nonverbal behavior communicate emotion and often are referred to as paralinguistic because they modify, substitute for, and improve the understanding of spoken communication. Of the various modes of nonverbal communication, the human face is especially important. Facial expressions can indicate emotion and pain, regulate social behavior, and reveal brain function. A large literature in psychology (Ekman & Rosenberg, 1997), comparative biology (Darwin, 1872/1998; Fridlund, 1994; Schmidt & Coh

FAST-FACS: A Computer-Assisted System to Increase Speed and Reliability of Manual FACS Coding

by O De La Torre, Tomas Simon, Zara Ambadar, Jeffrey F. Cohn
"... is the state of the art in manual measurement of facial actions. FACS coding, however, is labor intensive and difficult to standardize. A goal of automated FACS coding is to eliminate the need for manual coding and realize automatic recognition and analysis of facial actions. Success of this effort ..."
Abstract - Cited by 3 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
is the state of the art in manual measurement of facial actions. FACS coding, however, is labor intensive and difficult to standardize. A goal of automated FACS coding is to eliminate the need for manual coding and realize automatic recognition and analysis of facial actions. Success of this effort

FAST-FACS: A Computer-Assisted System to Increase Speed and Reliability of Manual FACS Coding

by unknown authors
"... Abstract. FACS (Facial Action Coding System) coding is the state of the art in manual measurement of facial actions. FACS coding, however, is labor intensive and difficult to standardize. A goal of automated FACS coding is to eliminate the need for manual coding and realize automatic recognition and ..."
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Abstract. FACS (Facial Action Coding System) coding is the state of the art in manual measurement of facial actions. FACS coding, however, is labor intensive and difficult to standardize. A goal of automated FACS coding is to eliminate the need for manual coding and realize automatic recognition

FAST-FACS: A Computer-Assisted System to Increase Speed and Reliability of Manual FACS Coding

by unknown authors
"... Abstract. FACS (Facial Action Coding System) coding is the state of the art in manual measurement of facial actions. FACS coding, however, is labor intensive and difficult to standardize. A goal of automated FACS coding is to eliminate the need for manual coding and realize automatic recognition and ..."
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Abstract. FACS (Facial Action Coding System) coding is the state of the art in manual measurement of facial actions. FACS coding, however, is labor intensive and difficult to standardize. A goal of automated FACS coding is to eliminate the need for manual coding and realize automatic recognition

Automated Face Analysis by Feature Point Tracking Has High Concurrent Validity with Manual FACS Coding

by Jeffrey F. Cohn, Adena J. Zlochower, James Lien, Takeo Kanade , 1999
"... The face is a rich source of information about human behavior. Available methods for coding facial displays, however, are human-observer dependent, labor intensive, and difficult to standardize. To enable rigorous and efficient quantitative measurement of facial displays, we have developed an automa ..."
Abstract - Cited by 97 (32 self) - Add to MetaCart
an automated method of facial display analysis. In this report we compare the results with those of manual FACS (Facial Action Coding System, Ekman & Friesen, 1978a) coding. One hundred university students were videotaped while performing a series of facial displays. The image sequences were coded from

Comprehensive database for facial expression analysis

by Takeo Kanade, Jeffrey F. Cohn, Yingli Tian - in Proceedings of Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
"... Within the past decade, significant effort has occurred in developing methods of facial expression analysis. Because most investigators have used relatively limited data sets, the generalizability of these various methods remains unknown. We describe the problem space for facial expression analysis, ..."
Abstract - Cited by 593 (51 self) - Add to MetaCart
-Pittsburgh AU-Coded Face Expression Image Database, which currently includes 2105 digitized image sequences from 182 adult subjects of varying ethnicity, performing multiple tokens of most primary FACS action units. This database is the most comprehensive test-bed to date for comparative studies of facial

Recognizing action units for facial expression analysis

by Ying-li Tian, Takeo Kanade, Jeffrey F. Cohn - PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE , 2001
"... Most automatic expression analysis systems attempt to recognize a small set of prototypic expressions, such as happiness, anger, surprise, and fear. Such prototypic expressions, however, occur rather infrequently. Human emotions and intentions are more often communicated by changes in one or a few ..."
Abstract - Cited by 399 (38 self) - Add to MetaCart
recognizes fine-grained changes in facial expression into action units (AUs) of the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), instead of a few prototypic expressions. Multistate face and facial component models are proposed for tracking and modeling the various facial features, including lips, eyes, brows, cheeks

Coding, Analysis, Interpretation, and Recognition of Facial Expressions

by Irfan A. Essa , 1997
"... We describe a computer vision system for observing facial motion by using an optimal estimation optical flow method coupled with geometric, physical and motion-based dynamic models describing the facial structure. Our method produces a reliable parametric representation of the face's independen ..."
Abstract - Cited by 331 (6 self) - Add to MetaCart
's independent muscle action groups, as well as an accurate estimate of facial motion. Previous efforts at analysis of facial expression have been based on the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), a representation developed in order to allow human psychologists to code expression from static pictures. To avoid

Classifying Facial Actions

by Gianluca Donato, Marian Stewart Bartlett, Joseph C. Hager, Paul Ekman, Terrence J. Sejnowski - IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal and Machine Intell , 1999
"... AbstractÐThe Facial Action Coding System (FACS) [23] is an objective method for quantifying facial movement in terms of component actions. This system is widely used in behavioral investigations of emotion, cognitive processes, and social interaction. The coding is presently performed by highly trai ..."
Abstract - Cited by 341 (36 self) - Add to MetaCart
AbstractÐThe Facial Action Coding System (FACS) [23] is an objective method for quantifying facial movement in terms of component actions. This system is widely used in behavioral investigations of emotion, cognitive processes, and social interaction. The coding is presently performed by highly

Configuring Forced Authorization Code (FAC)

by unknown authors , 2010
"... This chapter describes the Forced Authorization Code (FAC) feature in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express (Cisco Unified CME) 8.5 and later versions. ..."
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This chapter describes the Forced Authorization Code (FAC) feature in Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express (Cisco Unified CME) 8.5 and later versions.
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