This paper develops a modified system of marketable emission permits that promises both savings in abatement costs to sources and improved environmental quality relative to an initial command-and-control (CAC) outcome. Using a model of TSP emissions for the Baltimore Air Quality Control Region

At the present time, the deterioration of the environment and its threat to the U.S. standard of living seem destined to be one of the major domestic political issues of the 1970s. Increasing numbers of scientists arid public officials appear to be voicing concern over the extent and intensity

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One assumption made by most... [is that] until about 5,000 years ago the earth retained its pristine form, and any modifications of its physiography, fauna or flora are ascrib-able to natural causes. This view is one with which I do not agree... Robert Heizer 1955 More than one half [of the extent of the Roman Em-pire] is either deserted by civilized man and surrendered to hopeless desolation, or at least greatly reduced in both pro-ductiveness and population. George P. Marsh 1874

This paper presents the AIAM model functionality (Artemis Integrated Assessment Model) one of the main results of the ARTEMIS project “Design and evaluation of residential patterns in the Mediterranean region that are appropriate for the sustainable development of environmentally deteriorated rural

abstract: Social costs are often important in promoting the honesty of sexually selected traits. What happens, then, when social costs are relaxed? In species that breed in shallow coastal waters, increases in the frequency and severity of phytoplankton blooms may undermine the value of visual signals by reducing visibility and, in so doing, lead to dishonest signaling by relaxing the social consequences of high signaling effort for poor-quality individuals. Here, we experimentally test the effects of algally induced water turbidity on the role of male-male competition in facilitating reliable sexual displays in three-spined sticklebacks. We found that males in poor condition reduced their courtship effort in the presence of competition in turbid water. This reduction, however, was to a much lesser extent than that observed in clear water. Thus, courtship under conditions of algal turbidity did not reflect male condition as honestly as courtship in clear water. Algal turbidity also influenced breeding coloration, with males in poor condition reducing their area of red nuptial coloration in turbid conditions. Our findings suggest that anthropogenic disturbance to the signaling environment can potentially reduce the evolutionary potential of sexual selection by diminishing the efficacy of visual displays and weakening socially enforced signals of male quality.

Abstract: Development of urban area provides deterioration of natural resources in the environment. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are among important chemical that show spatial changes. Fifteen surface sediment samples were collected using Ekman dredger to monitor the features of aliphatic hydrocarbons

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Male reproductive health has deteriorated in many countries during the last few decades. In the