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THERE HAS BEEN A RECENT resurgence of interest in the investigation of endocrine factors that are associated with human sexual behavior. The competitive protein-binding and radioimmunoassay methods for precise measurement of hormone levels provide a significant advance in accuracy beyond that of previous methods. Data gathered by many researchers clarifying embryo-logic sexual differentiation and sex differences in pituitary gonadotropin release (1) clearly show that the process of sexual differentiation is dimorphic. Unless sufficient amounts of androgens are present during critical stages of fetal (or neonatal) development, differentiation will always occur as a female, regardless of genetic pro-gramming. By use of this principle, homosexual be-havior in male and female animals has been exper-

SINCE 1965 cromolyn sodium * has been subjected to extensive pharmacological and clinical investigation in animals and man. The drug has no intrinsic bronchodila-tor, antihistaminic, or steroid-like properties. It appears to act by protecting the mast cell membrane and inhibit-ing the release of spasmogenic mediators that occur during antigen-antibody reactions and when triggered by certain seemingly nonimmunological mechanisms, such as exercise or hyperventilation (1). In the treatment of asthma, cromolyn sodium is given by inhalation, by a capsule containing 20 mg of drug per dose, in a special turbo-inhaler device, the Spinhaler. A recent study has further clarified the fate of radio-isotope-labeled cromolyn in man (2). Maximum plasma concentrations were obtained within 15 minutes of

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It is envisaged that this publication will provide a platform for the presentation and discussion of current topics in pathology and related disciplines, with the aim of updating practical knowledge and guiding best practices. Any feedback and suggestions could be directed to Dr. Janice Lo (e-mail: janicelo@dh.gov.hk) of the Education Committee, the Hong Kong College of Pathologists. Opinions expressed are those of the authors or named individuals, and are not necessarily those of the Hong Kong College of Pathologists. Happy reading! Laboratory diagnosis of human disease caused by H5N1 influenza virus

s10530-010-9845-1 Plant invasions: theoretical and practical challenges 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your work, please use the accepted author’s version for posting to your own website or your institution’s repository. You may further deposit the accepted author’s version on a funder’s repository at a funder’s request, provided it is not made publicly available until 12 months after publication.

is currently involved in the European research network “A Comparative Analysis of Transitions from Education to Work in Europe ” (CATEWE), funded under the TSER programme of the European The nature of the linkage of education and training systems to the labour market is often claimed to crucially affect labour market integration in modern economies. More specifically, most current comparative research assumes a more strongly qualification-based allocation in training systems allowing for early occupational specialization as compared to more experience-based allocation mechanisms where such arrangements are absent. Building on this basic idea, the paper develops a set of institutional predictions about consequences for patterns of labour market entry in these systems. This framework is then applied in exploratory analyses for twelve member states of the European Union. From these, three distinct patterns of early labour market experiences empirically emerge: first, a non-experience based pattern for those continental European countries with extensive vocational training systems, second, a strongly experience-based allocation pattern in those Northern European countries lacking such systems, and, finally, a particular and theoretically unexpected pattern among the group of Southern European countries. While the first contrast appears broadly

David Reimer is a researcher at the Mannheim Centre for European Social Research (MZES). He is currently working in a research project on the consequences of the expansion and the differentiation of tertiary education for social inequality, funded by the German Science Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft). His main research interests include the sociology of education and the labour market – particularly with respect to higher education. Stephanie Steinmetz is a researcher at the Mannheim Centre for European Social Research (MZES). She is currently working on her PhD on the issue of occupational sex segregation in Europe. Her main research interests include social stratification, gender inequalities, and comparative labour market research. The objective of this paper is to investigate the relationship between gender differentiation in tertiary education and labour market hazards. We analyze how differences between male and female tertiary graduates in the chosen degree level and field of study affect the likelihood to be unemployed or obtain a low status job. In order to learn about the role of institutional context, we compare Germany and Spain, two countries that differ with respect

Dr. Frank Kalter is “wissenschaftlicher Assistant ” at the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim. His research interests include residential mobility, migration and ethnic relations, sociology of the family, rational choice theory and methods. Currently, he is conducting several research projects on immigrants ’ structural assimilation at the Mannheim Centre of European Social Research (MZES). Nadia Granato is a researcher at the Microdata Department of the Centre for Survey Research and Methodology (ZUMA) in Mannheim. Here, one of her tasks is to document and edit anonymized microdata from the Federal Statistic Office and to provide assistance to researchers analyzing those The persistence of ethnic inequality in the German labor market, i.e. the fact that the ‚classical labor migrants ‘ and their descendants are still occupying lower positions, has been shown in many studies. However, theoretical discussions of the mechanisms through which ethnic inequality gains persistence and empirical testing of those mechanisms have been mostly neglected. In this contribution two basic theoretical arguments are considered: differences in educational attainment and labor market discrimination. Using data from the microcensus 1993 and 1997 our findings show that ethnic

(ROA), Maastricht University. He is project manager of a large-scale annual survey among school-leavers from secondary education (the RUBS survey). His main research interests include social stratification and school-to-work transitions. The current paper draws on work carried out as part of the project ‘Evaluation and Analyses of the LFS 2000 Ad-hoc-module on Transitions from School to Work’, co-funded by Eurostat. Author acknowledgements