We consider the problem of routing traffic to optimize the performance of a congested network. We are given a network, a rate of traffic between each pair of nodes, and a latency function for each edge specifying the time needed to traverse the edge given its congestion; the objective is to route

quantified with the computational evidence derived from a distributional analysis of corpus data. Specifically, the proposed measure is a combined approach that inherits the edge-based approach of the edge counting scheme, which is then enhanced by the node-based approach of the information content

simplification algorithm which can rapidly produce high quality approximations of polygonal models. The algorithm uses iterative contractions of vertex pairs to simplify models and maintains surface error approximations using quadric matrices. By contracting arbitrary vertex pairs (not just edges), our algorithm

This article presents a measure of semantic similarityinanis-a taxonomy based on the notion of shared information content. Experimental evaluation against a benchmark set of human similarity judgments demonstrates that the measure performs better than the traditional edge-counting approach

in the problem graph: ( 1) O(n log n + m) for the single-source shortest path problem with nonnegative edge lengths, improved from O(m logfmh+2)n); (2) O(n*log n + nm) for the all-pairs shortest path problem, improved from O(nm lo&,,,+2,n); (3) O(n*logn + nm) for the assignment problem (weighted bipartite

We give algorithms for finding the k shortest paths (not required to be simple) connecting a pair of vertices in a digraph. Our algorithms output an implicit representation of these paths in a digraph with n vertices and m edges, in time O(m + n log n + k). We can also find the k shortest

With recent increased expectations for quality, and the growth of agile processes and test driven development, developers are expected to do more and more effective unit testing. Yet, our knowledge of when to use the various unit level test criteria is incomplete. The paper presents results from a comparison of four unit level software testing criteria. Mutation testing, prime path coverage, edgepair coverage, and all-uses testing were compared on two bases: the number of seeded faults found and the number of tests needed to satisfy the criteria. The comparison used a collection of Java classes taken from various sources and hand-seeded faults. Tests were designed and generated mostly by hand with help from tools that compute test requirements and muJava. The findings are that mutation tests detected more faults and the other three criteria were very similar. The paper also presents a secondary measure, a cost benefit ratio, computed as the number of tests needed to detect each fault. Surprisingly, mutation required the fewest number of tests. The paper also discusses some specific faults that were not found and presents analysis for why not. 1

A new min-max theorem concerning bi-supermodular functions on pairs of sets is proved. As a special case, we derive an extension of (A. Lubiw's extension of) E. Györi's theorem on intervals, W. Mader's theorem on splitting off edges in directed graphs, J. Edmonds' theorem

We give the first approximation algorithm for the generalized network Steiner problem, a problem in network design. An instance consists of a network with link-costs and, for each pair fi; jg of nodes, an edge-connectivity requirement r ij . The goal is to find a minimum-cost network using

In this paper, we consider a multicommodity flow problem where for each pair of vertices, (u,v), we are required to sendf half-units of commodity (uv) from u to v and f half-units of commodity (vu) from v to u without violating capacity constraints. Our main result is an algorithm for performing th