This paper was based on a manuscript of the lecture which was delivered by the author at the “ Yonsei-Fudan-Keio Distance Learning Series on Global Governance ” , held at the Shonan Fujisawa Campus of Keio University, 2001. The 21st Century COE program stimulated the author to revise, expand and update the manuscript. The author would like to thank Professor Kagawa at Keio University for all of his help in all the process of drafting and presenting this paper. The author also thanks Mr. Garren Mulloy for revising grammatical errors in the early draft. Though, of course, the author is responsible for any remaining errors.

Copyright © 2012 Takeshi Kamiya et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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