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9,983
The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance
- Psychological Review
, 1993
"... The theoretical framework presented in this article explains expert performance as the end result of individuals ' prolonged efforts to improve performance while negotiating motivational and external constraints. In most domains of expertise, individuals begin in their childhood a regimen of ef ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 690 (15 self)
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to that of the rest of the population. Speculations on the causes of these individuals ' extraordinary abilities and performance are as old as the first records of their achievements. Early accounts commonly attribute these individuals' outstanding performance to divine intervention, such as the
Dynamics of Random Early Detection
- In Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM
, 1997
"... In this paper we evaluate the effectiveness of Random Early Detection (RED) over traffic types categorized as nonadaptive, fragile and robust, according to their responses to congestion. We point out that RED allows unfair bandwidth sharing when a mixture of the three traffic types shares a link Thi ..."
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Cited by 465 (1 self)
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This urlfairness is caused by the fact that at any given time RED imposes the same loss rate on all jlows, regardless of their bandwidths. We propose Fair Random Early Drop (FRED), a modified version of RED. FRED uses per-active-jlow accounting to impose 011 each flow a loss rate that depends on the flow’s buffer
Early Accounting Chairs
"... The first organization of accounting academics in the UK, the Association of University Teachers of Accounting, was launched in 1947. Today it is known as the British Accounting Association. The Association was initially an enterprise of teachers in English and Welsh universities. It was founded at ..."
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The first organization of accounting academics in the UK, the Association of University Teachers of Accounting, was launched in 1947. Today it is known as the British Accounting Association. The Association was initially an enterprise of teachers in English and Welsh universities. It was founded
The Ant System: Optimization by a colony of cooperating agents
- IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS-PART B
, 1996
"... An analogy with the way ant colonies function has suggested the definition of a new computational paradigm, which we call Ant System. We propose it as a viable new approach to stochastic combinatorial optimization. The main characteristics of this model are positive feedback, distributed computation ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 1300 (46 self)
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computation, and the use of a constructive greedy heuristic. Positive feedback accounts for rapid discovery of good solutions, distributed computation avoids premature convergence, and the greedy heuristic helps find acceptable solutions in the early stages of the search process. We apply the proposed
Why Do Americans Work So Much More than Europeans?”, Quarterly Review of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis,
, 2004
"... Abstract Americans now work 50 percent more than do the Germans, French, and Italians. This was not the case in the early 1970s, when the Western Europeans worked more than Americans. This article examines the role of taxes in accounting for the differences in labor supply across time and across co ..."
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Cited by 475 (10 self)
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Abstract Americans now work 50 percent more than do the Germans, French, and Italians. This was not the case in the early 1970s, when the Western Europeans worked more than Americans. This article examines the role of taxes in accounting for the differences in labor supply across time and across
Reversal of fortune: geography and institutions in the making of modern world income,Quarterly
- Journal of Economics,
, 2002
"... Among countries colonized by European powers during the past 500 years, those that were relatively rich in 1500 are now relatively poor. We document this reversal using data on urbanization patterns and population density, which, we argue, proxy for economic prosperity. This reversal weighs against ..."
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Cited by 450 (31 self)
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that Europeans were more likely to introduce institutions encouraging investment in regions that were previously poor. This institutional reversal accounts for the reversal in relative incomes. We provide further support for this view by documenting that the reversal in relative incomes took place during
The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition
- Psychological Review
, 1996
"... A theory is proposed to account for some of the age-related differences reported in measures of Type A or fluid cognition. The central hypothesis in the theory is that increased age in adulthood is associated with a decrease in the speed with which many processing operations can be executed and that ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 416 (2 self)
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A theory is proposed to account for some of the age-related differences reported in measures of Type A or fluid cognition. The central hypothesis in the theory is that increased age in adulthood is associated with a decrease in the speed with which many processing operations can be executed
The motor theory of speech perception revised
- Cognition
, 1985
"... A motor theory of speech perception, initially proposed to account for results of early experiments with synthetic speech, is now extensively revised to accommodate recent findings, and to relate the assumptions of the theory to those that might be made about other perceptual modes. According to the ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 372 (2 self)
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A motor theory of speech perception, initially proposed to account for results of early experiments with synthetic speech, is now extensively revised to accommodate recent findings, and to relate the assumptions of the theory to those that might be made about other perceptual modes. According
How Social Security and Medicare Affect Retirement Behavior in a World of Incomplete Markets
- ECONOMETRICA
, 1997
"... This paper provides an empirical analysis of how the U.S. Social Security and Medicare insurance system affect the labor supply of older males in the presence of incomplete markets for loans, annuities, and health insurance. We estimate a detailed dynamic programming (DP) model of the joint labor ..."
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Cited by 371 (11 self)
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that the DP model is able to account for wide variety of phenomena observed in the data, including the pronounced peaks in the distribution of retirement ages at 62 and 65 (the ages of early and normal eligibility for Social Security benefits, respectively). We identify a significant fraction of “health
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