Abstract: Catostomid fishes (suckers) have duplicate copies of the growth hormone gene and other nuclear genes, due to a genome duplication event early in the group’s history. Yet, paralogs of GH in suckers are more than 90 % conserved in nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) sequence. Within

, the fourth segment present at a second copy of the bovine J H locus mapping to BTA 21 was found to rearrange at high-frequency, forming FR4 in the majority of bovine Ig H chains. The data thus show that bovine H chains can be generated from segments at two distinct genomic locations. Further investigation

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of data. In addition, duplicate copies of a block can be coalesced, reducing the consumption of storage and simplifying the implementation of clients. Venti is a building block for constructing a variety of storage applications such as logical backup, physical backup, and snapshot file systems.

ABSTRACT It has often been argued that gene-duplication events are most commonly followed by a mutational event that silences one member of the pair, while on rare occasions both members of the pair are preserved as one acquires a mutation with a beneficial function and the other retains

. Duplications in parallel copies pose some problems when moving them. In this paper an approach has been developed to decompose parallel copies so that duplications can be handled separately and parallel copies can be easily moved away without duplication. A simple and elegant application is moving duplicated

Segmental duplications, relatively long and nearly identical regions, prevalent in the mammalian genome, are successfully modeled by directed acyclic graphs. Reconstructing the evolutionary history of these genomic regions is a non-trivial, but important task, as segmental duplications harbor

inversions, as well as numerous segmental duplications and copy number variation regions. Non-SNP DNA variation accounts for 22 % of all events identified in the donor, however they involve 74 % of all variant bases. This suggests an important role for non-SNP genetic alterations in defining the diploid

-widgets. Such techniques have generally been ignored in previous graphics packages and systems. The toolkit provides a general and extensible framework for representing 3D scenes so that applications can integrate their data with graphical objects rather than having duplicate copies. A simple, integrated event model

on characteristics of Web resources, including access rate, age at time of reference, content type, resource size, and Internet top-level domain. We also measured the rate at which resources change, and the prevalence of duplicate copies in the Web. We quantified the potential benefit of a shared proxycaching