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132,263
Learning to predict by the methods of temporal differences
- MACHINE LEARNING
, 1988
"... This article introduces a class of incremental learning procedures specialized for prediction – that is, for using past experience with an incompletely known system to predict its future behavior. Whereas conventional prediction-learning methods assign credit by means of the difference between predi ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 1521 (56 self)
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, they have remained poorly understood. Here we prove their convergence and optimality for special cases and relate them to supervised-learning methods. For most real-world prediction problems, temporal-difference methods require less memory and less peak computation than conventional methods and they produce
The empirical case for two systems of reasoning
, 1996
"... Distinctions have been proposed between systems of reasoning for centuries. This article distills properties shared by many of these distinctions and characterizes the resulting systems in light of recent findings and theoretical developments. One system is associative because its computations ref ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 669 (4 self)
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and can simultaneously generate different solutions to a reasoning problem. The rule-based system can suppress the associative system but not completely inhibit it. The article reviews evidence in favor of the distinction and its characterization.
Case-based reasoning; Foundational issues, methodological variations, and system approaches
- AI COMMUNICATIONS
, 1994
"... Case-based reasoning is a recent approach to problem solving and learning that has got a lot of attention over the last few years. Originating in the US, the basic idea and underlying theories have spread to other continents, and we are now within a period of highly active research in case-based rea ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 855 (25 self)
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in the light of a few example systems that represent different CBR approaches. We also discuss the role of case-based methods as one type of reasoning and learning method within an integrated system architecture.
Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms: a comparative case study and the strength pareto approach
- IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION
, 1999
"... Evolutionary algorithms (EA’s) are often well-suited for optimization problems involving several, often conflicting objectives. Since 1985, various evolutionary approaches to multiobjective optimization have been developed that are capable of searching for multiple solutions concurrently in a singl ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 813 (22 self)
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single run. However, the few comparative studies of different methods presented up to now remain mostly qualitative and are often restricted to a few approaches. In this paper, four multiobjective EA’s are compared quantitatively where an extended 0/1 knapsack problem is taken as a basis. Furthermore, we
A generalized processor sharing approach to flow control in integrated services networks: The single-node case
- IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING
, 1993
"... The problem of allocating network resources to the users of an integrated services network is investigated in the context of rate-based flow control. The network is assumed to be a virtual circuit, connection-based packet network. We show that the use of Generalized processor Sharing (GPS), when co ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 2010 (5 self)
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combined with Leaky Bucket admission control, allows the network to make a wide range of worst-case performance guarantees on throughput and delay. The scheme is flexible in that different users may be given widely different performance guarantees, and is efficient in that each of the servers is work
Africa´s Growth Tragedy: Policies and Ethnic Divisions
- JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS
, 1997
"... Explaining cross-country differences in growth rates requires not only an understanding of the link between growth and public policies, but also an understanding of why countries choose different public policies. This paper shows that ethnic diversity helps explain cross-country differences in publi ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 1388 (72 self)
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Explaining cross-country differences in growth rates requires not only an understanding of the link between growth and public policies, but also an understanding of why countries choose different public policies. This paper shows that ethnic diversity helps explain cross-country differences
Games with Incomplete Information Played by 'Bayesian' Players, I-III
- MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
, 1967
"... The paper develops a new theory for the analysis of games with incomplete information where the players are uncertain about some important parameters of the game situation, such as the payoff functions, the strategies available to various players, the information other players have about the game, e ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 787 (2 self)
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probability distributions derived from a certain "basic probability distribution " over the parameters unknown to the various players But later the theory is extended also to cases where the different players' subjective probability distributions fail to satisfy this consistency assumption
Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation
- Psychological Review
, 1991
"... People in different cultures have strikingly different construals of the self, of others, and of the interdependence of the 2. These construals can influence, and in many cases determine, the very nature of individual experience, including cognition, emotion, and motivation. Many Asian cultures have ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 1832 (35 self)
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People in different cultures have strikingly different construals of the self, of others, and of the interdependence of the 2. These construals can influence, and in many cases determine, the very nature of individual experience, including cognition, emotion, and motivation. Many Asian cultures
A Survey of Program Slicing Techniques
- JOURNAL OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
, 1995
"... A program slice consists of the parts of a program that (potentially) affect the values computed at some point of interest, referred to as a slicing criterion. The task of computing program slices is called program slicing. The original definition of a program slice was presented by Weiser in 197 ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 790 (10 self)
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in 1979. Since then, various slightly different notions of program slices have been proposed, as well as a number of methods to compute them. An important distinction is that between a static and a dynamic slice. The former notion is computed without making assumptions regarding a program's input
An Efficient Boosting Algorithm for Combining Preferences
, 1999
"... The problem of combining preferences arises in several applications, such as combining the results of different search engines. This work describes an efficient algorithm for combining multiple preferences. We first give a formal framework for the problem. We then describe and analyze a new boosting ..."
Abstract
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Cited by 727 (18 self)
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boosting algorithm for combining preferences called RankBoost. We also describe an efficient implementation of the algorithm for certain natural cases. We discuss two experiments we carried out to assess the performance of RankBoost. In the first experiment, we used the algorithm to combine different WWW
Results 1 - 10
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