Abstract: Two dynamic models of muscle activation and deactivation based on the concepts of ion transport, reaction rates, and muscle mechanics are proposed. Storage release and uptake of calcium by the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and a two-step chemical reaction of calcium and troponin are included

The mechanism responsible for the irreversible deactivation of ceria-supported precious metals for the water-gas-shift reaction has been investigated through accelerated aging tests. It is shown that deactivation of Pd/ceria occurs more rapidly at 673 K compared to 523 K when operating

would place them at double risk for developing bipolar episodes. The present study found that individuals with bipolar II disorder and cyclothymia experience increased rates of BAS-activating and BAS-deactivating, but not goal-attainment, life events. Finally, for bipolar spectrum individuals only, BAS

reducing the rate of glutamate released from the photoreceptor terminal. The light-evoked decrease in outer segment current, or photoresponse, persists until R* and G t ␣-PDE* have deactivated and the cGMP levels have been restored. This review will discuss the molecular events that are essential

and the extent of deactivation. The results show that poisoning is cumulative in nature and the loss of catalyst activity depends on the total amount of poison as well as its rate of introduction. The poisoning curves generally indi-cate homogeneous absorption of the poison. Some amount of pore mouth poisoning

of (k ISC O 4.8 ] 107 2-, 3-and 4-aminoÑuorenones but their internal conversion rate strongly increases with solvent polarity. The change of the internal conversion rate constants with molecular structure and solvent can be rationalized in terms of the energy gap law.

viability between 1- 2 min becoming insignificant at 3 minutes. The deactivation time for E. faecalis, S. aureus and E.coli in the presence of metal ions were smaller compared to a water control (4-5 min). Although various sensitivities to the metal ions were observed, S. aureus and E. coli and were

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a relatively young tool for understanding how the brain’s activities contribute to physical and psychological processes. In the roughly 20 years since its introduction, fMRI has developed at an astounding rate regarding advances in both

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. While competition between growth activation and deactivation kinetics is diameter-dependent, CNTs are held in contact by van der Waals forces, thus preventing relative slip and resulting in a single collective growth rate of the forest. Therefore, we hypothesize that mechanical coupling gives rise