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The relational correspondence between category exemplars and names

by Kimberly A. Jameson, Nancy Alvarado - Philosophical Psychology , 2003
"... ABSTRACT While recognizing the theoretical importance of context, current research has treated naming as though semantic meaning were invariant and the same mapping of category exemplars and names should exist across experimental contexts. An assumed symmetry or bidirectionality in naming behavior h ..."
Abstract - Cited by 10 (5 self) - Add to MetaCart
ABSTRACT While recognizing the theoretical importance of context, current research has treated naming as though semantic meaning were invariant and the same mapping of category exemplars and names should exist across experimental contexts. An assumed symmetry or bidirectionality in naming behavior

Typicality in logically defined categories: Exemplar-similarity versus rule instantiation

by Robert M. Nosofsky - Memory & Cognition , 1991
"... A rule-instantiation model and a similarity-to-exemplars model were contrasted in terms of their predictions of typicality judgments and speeded classificalions-for-members-oflogically defined categories. In Experiment 1, subjects learned a unidimensional rule based on the size of objects. It was as ..."
Abstract - Cited by 26 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
A rule-instantiation model and a similarity-to-exemplars model were contrasted in terms of their predictions of typicality judgments and speeded classificalions-for-members-oflogically defined categories. In Experiment 1, subjects learned a unidimensional rule based on the size of objects

Attention, similarity, and the identification-Categorization Relationship

by Robert M. Nosofsky , 1986
"... A unified quantitative approach to modeling subjects ' identification and categorization of multidimensional perceptual stimuli is proposed and tested. Two subjects identified and categorized the same set of perceptually confusable stimuli varying on separable dimensions. The identification dat ..."
Abstract - Cited by 690 (28 self) - Add to MetaCart
), assumes that subjects store category exemplars in memory. Classification decisions are based on the similarity of stimuli to the stored exemplars. It is assumed that the same multidimensional perceptual representation underlies performance in both the identification and Categorization paradigms. However

When memory shifts towards more typical category exemplars: Accentuation effects in the recollection of ethnically ambiguous faces

by Olivier Corneille, Johanne Huart, Emilie Becquart, Serge Brédart - Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 2004
"... In 4 studies, the authors examined the impact of categorization on the recollection of ethnically ambiguous faces. Participants were presented with faces lying at various locations on mixed-race continua (i.e., Caucasian-North African and Caucasian-Asian faces were used as source images in a morphin ..."
Abstract - Cited by 23 (4 self) - Add to MetaCart
morphing program). In all studies, the prevalence of exclusive ethnic features in a face distorted participants ' recollections of the face toward faces more typical of the category. Specifically, the recollection of 30 % North African (or 30 % Asian) faces shifted toward Caucasian source faces

Rules and Exemplars in Category Learning

by Michael A. Erickson, John K. Kruschke - Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , 1998
"... haracterized by descriptions of each module and how each serves in those tasks for which it is best suited. However, these theories often do not emphasize how modules interact in producing responses and in learning. In this article we will develop a modular theory of categorization that follows fro ..."
Abstract - Cited by 203 (11 self) - Add to MetaCart
haracterized by descriptions of each module and how each serves in those tasks for which it is best suited. However, these theories often do not emphasize how modules interact in producing responses and in learning. In this article we will develop a modular theory of categorization that follows from two distinct accounts of this behavior. The first account is that of rule-based theories of categorization. These theories emerge from a philosophical tradition in which concepts and categorization are described in terms of definitional rules. For example, if a living thing has a wide, flat tail and constructs dams by cutting down trees with its This work was supported by Indiana University Cognitive Science Program Fellowships and by NIMH ResearchTraining Grant PHS-T32-MH19879-03 to Erickson, and in part by NIMH FIRST Award 1-R29-MH51572-01 to Kruschke. This research was reported as a poster at the 1996 Cognitive Science Society Conference in San Diego, CA. We than

Is a rose always a rose? The role of social category exemplar change in attitude stability and attitude-behavior consistency

by Tiffiny L. Sia, Charles G. Lord, Kenneth A. Blessum, Christopher D. Ratcliff - Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 1997
"... attitude-behavior consistency, or attitude change. In Experiment l, participants displayed greater attitude stability across 1 month, in several social categories, when they named the same rather than different exemplars. In Experiment 2, participants displayed greater attitude-behavior c nsistency ..."
Abstract - Cited by 12 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
attitude-behavior consistency, or attitude change. In Experiment l, participants displayed greater attitude stability across 1 month, in several social categories, when they named the same rather than different exemplars. In Experiment 2, participants displayed greater attitude-behavior c nsistency

A standardized set of 260 pictures: Norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity

by Joan Gay Snodgrass, Mary Vanderwart - JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY: HUMAN LEARNING AND MEMORY , 1980
"... In this article we present a standardized set of 260 pictures for use in experiments investigating differences and similarities in the processing of pictures and words. The pictures are black-and-white line drawings executed according to a set of rules that provide consistency of pictorial represent ..."
Abstract - Cited by 663 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
attributes of the pictures. The concepts were selected to provide exemplars from several widely studied semantic categories. Sources of naming variance, and mean familiarity and complexity of the exemplars, differed significantly across the set of categories investigated. The potential significance of each

Schema abstraction‖ in a multiple-trace memory model

by Douglas L. Hintzman - Psychological Review , 1986
"... A simulation model of episodic memory, MINERVA 2, is applied to the learning of concepts, as represented bythe schema-abstraction task. The model assumes that each experience produces a separate memory trace and that knowledge of abstract oncepts i derived from the pool of episodic traces at the tim ..."
Abstract - Cited by 359 (2 self) - Add to MetaCart
prototype of the category when cued with the category name and to retrieve and disambiguate a category name when cued with a category exemplar. The model successfully predicts basic findings from the schema-abstraction literature (.g., differential forgetting of proto-types and old instances, typicality

Exemplar dynamics: Word frequency, lenition and contrast

by Janet B. Pierrehumbert - In , 2001
"... Exemplar theory was first developed as a model of similarity and classification in perception. In this paper, the theory is extended to model speech production as well as speech perception. Straightforward extension of the model provides a formal framework for thinking about the quantitative predict ..."
Abstract - Cited by 243 (7 self) - Add to MetaCart
Exemplar theory was first developed as a model of similarity and classification in perception. In this paper, the theory is extended to model speech production as well as speech perception. Straightforward extension of the model provides a formal framework for thinking about the quantitative

An exemplar-based random walk model of speeded classification

by Robert M. Nosofsky, Thomas J. Palmeri - Psychological Review , 1997
"... The authors propose and test an exemplar-based random walk model for predicting response times in tasks of speeded, multidimensional perceptual classification. The model combines elements of R.M. Nosofsky's (1986) generalized context model of categorization and G. D. Logan's (1988) instanc ..."
Abstract - Cited by 241 (35 self) - Add to MetaCart
The authors propose and test an exemplar-based random walk model for predicting response times in tasks of speeded, multidimensional perceptual classification. The model combines elements of R.M. Nosofsky's (1986) generalized context model of categorization and G. D. Logan's (1988
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