ABSTRACT While recognizing the theoretical importance of context, current research has treated naming as though semantic meaning were invariant and the same mapping of category exemplars and names should exist across experimental contexts. An assumed symmetry or bidirectionality in naming behavior

A rule-instantiation model and a similarity-to-exemplars model were contrasted in terms of their predictions of typicality judgments and speeded classificalions-for-members-oflogically defined categories. In Experiment 1, subjects learned a unidimensional rule based on the size of objects

), assumes that subjects store category exemplars in memory. Classification decisions are based on the similarity of stimuli to the stored exemplars. It is assumed that the same multidimensional perceptual representation underlies performance in both the identification and Categorization paradigms. However

morphing program). In all studies, the prevalence of exclusive ethnic features in a face distorted participants ' recollections of the face toward faces more typical of the category. Specifically, the recollection of 30 % North African (or 30 % Asian) faces shifted toward Caucasian source faces

haracterized by descriptions of each module and how each serves in those tasks for which it is best suited. However, these theories often do not emphasize how modules interact in producing responses and in learning. In this article we will develop a modular theory of categorization that follows from two distinct accounts of this behavior. The first account is that of rule-based theories of categorization. These theories emerge from a philosophical tradition in which concepts and categorization are described in terms of definitional rules. For example, if a living thing has a wide, flat tail and constructs dams by cutting down trees with its This work was supported by Indiana University Cognitive Science Program Fellowships and by NIMH ResearchTraining Grant PHS-T32-MH19879-03 to Erickson, and in part by NIMH FIRST Award 1-R29-MH51572-01 to Kruschke. This research was reported as a poster at the 1996 Cognitive Science Society Conference in San Diego, CA. We than

attitude-behavior consistency, or attitude change. In Experiment l, participants displayed greater attitude stability across 1 month, in several social categories, when they named the same rather than different exemplars. In Experiment 2, participants displayed greater attitude-behavior c nsistency

attributes of the pictures. The concepts were selected to provide exemplars from several widely studied semantic categories. Sources of naming variance, and mean familiarity and complexity of the exemplars, differed significantly across the set of categories investigated. The potential significance of each

prototype of the category when cued with the category name and to retrieve and disambiguate a category name when cued with a category exemplar. The model successfully predicts basic findings from the schema-abstraction literature (.g., differential forgetting of proto-types and old instances, typicality

Exemplar theory was first developed as a model of similarity and classification in perception. In this paper, the theory is extended to model speech production as well as speech perception. Straightforward extension of the model provides a formal framework for thinking about the quantitative

The authors propose and test an exemplar-based random walk model for predicting response times in tasks of speeded, multidimensional perceptual classification. The model combines elements of R.M. Nosofsky's (1986) generalized context model of categorization and G. D. Logan's (1988