, for example, optic atrophy, nerve deafness, appear in a minority of patients. The triad of hypoactive knee and ankle jerks, evidence of progressive cerebellar dysfunction, and pre-adoleseent onset is commonly regarded as sufficient for diagnosis. Cardiac disturbances were mentioned by Friedreich in his

A simple model for synchronous firing of biological oscillators based on Peskin’s model of the cardiac pacemaker [Mathematical aspects of heart physiology, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences,

analysis and a new segmentation algorithm to quantify multiscale features of heartbeat interval series. We then investigate how heartbeat dynamics change with circadian influences and under pathologic conditions, and we discuss their possible relation to the underlaying cardiac control mechanisms

neering aims at repairing the diseased heart and developing cardiac tissues for basic research and predictive toxicology applications. Since the first description of engineered heart tissue 15 years ago, major development steps were directed toward these three goals. Technical innovations led

AbSTRACT Despite significant advances in the pharmacological treatment of heart failure, rates of mortality and morbidity from the condition remain a concern. The introduction of car-diac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) has been a welcome addition to the treatment strategy of patients who display

at 09.00. Cover: A three dimensional image of the heart reconstructed from MR images of a normal subject. The contours of the pericardium in open net, the epicardial contours of the left ventricle in red and right ventricle in green. Opaque surfaces show the contours in end diastole and transparent surfaces the contours in end systole.

Exogenous cell delivery – Skeletal myoblasts – Bone marrow cells – Mesenchymal stem cells

The embryonic vertebrate heart is divided into two major chambers, an anterior ventricle and a posterior atrium. Although the fundamental differences between ventricular and atrial tissues are well documented, it is not known when and how cardiac anterior–posterior (A–P) patterning occurs

The initial focus of the pioneering cardiac surgeons was appropriately centered on survival as opposed to cosmetic results. A variety of minimally invasive techniques have been introduced to perform cardiac operations through a limited incision. As the results in cardiac surgery improved, cosmetic

cardiac rehabilitation, which aims to maintain labour market participation. Conclusion Individuals with CHD have a significantly increased risk of withdrawing from the labour market. Especially younger individuals and those employed as manual labour seem to have greater problems in maintaining labour