This paper surveys the field of reinforcement learning from a computer-science perspective. It is written to be accessible to researchers familiar with machine learning. Both the historical basis of the field and a broad selection of current work are summarized. Reinforcement learning

Registration is a fundamental task in image processing used to match two or more pictures taken, for example, at different times, from different sensors or from different viewpoints. Over the years, a broad range of techniques have been developed for the various types of data and problems

Recombination in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) remains a controversial topic. Here we present a survey of 279 animal mtDNA datasets, of which 12 were from asexual species. Using four separate tests we show that there is widespread evidence of recombination; for one test as many as 14

of multi-headed guarded rules that rewrite constraints into simpler ones until they are solved. In this broad survey we aim at covering all aspects of CHR as they currently present themselves. Going from theory to practice, we will define syntax and semantics for CHR, introduce an important decidable

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Viruses are the most abundant and diverse genetic entities on Earth; however, broad surveys of viral diversity are hindered by the lack of a universal assay for viruses and the inability to sample a sufficient number of individual hosts. This study utilized vector-enabled metagenomics (VEM

of which are ubiquitously expressed, account for most of the differences in miRNA profiles between cell lineages and tissues. This broad survey also provides detailed and accurate information about mature sequences, precursors, genome locations, maturation processes, inferred transcriptional units

are beginning to address these limits. This paper surveys the use of VSMs for semantic processing of text. We organize the literature on VSMs according to the structure of the matrix in a VSM. There are currently three broad classes of VSMs, based on term–document, word–context, and pair–pattern matrices

widespread attention within the statistical research community in the late 1980s, and the 1990s saw vigorous development of new methodological and computational techniques for these models, the emergence of general-purpose software, and broad application of the models in numerous substantive fields

ABSTRACT: An ongoing, systematic process designed to maintain the appropriate and effective use of drugs is Drug Use Evaluation (DUE). It involves a comprehensive review of patient’s prescription and medication data before, during, and after dispensing in order to assure appropriate therapeutic decision making and positive patient outcomes. The aim of the present study is to conduct a prospective study on utilization pattern of antibiotics in the department of medical teaching hospital situated in North Karnataka to evaluate the rational use of antibiotics, by comparing with the standard Clinical guidelines. The study is a Prospective observational with a sample size of 250 patients conducted using structured data entry forms. In our study, 155 patients were male and 95 were female. The most commonly used class of antibiotics are Cephalosporins (31.2%) preceded by Fluoroquinolones and Azoles. Penicillin’s were also prescribed for most of the infectious diseases. The duration of hospital stay is for more than 7 days with prolonged use of antimicrobial agents which does not provide an additional therapeutic benefit while the cost and the adverse effects simultaneously escalate. In comparison with the standard guidelines, deviations and under practice of diagnosis and treatment was observed. It is concluded from the present study that, though there is successful combat of infection using antimicrobial agents it is desirable to adopt treatment protocol to increase the success rate. Pharmacists involved in DUE programs can directly improve the quality of health care of patients.