vaccine. subunits: potential for use in a broad-spectrum heat-labile enterotoxin and cholera toxin B Synthesis of hybrid molecules between

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of skin laxity of the lower face and neck in older individuals

The views expressed in this art icle are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense. or the U.S. Government.

that cause nosocomial infections are resis-tant to at least one antibiotic commonly used to treat those infections. Considering the lack of new broad-spectrum an-tiinfectives to be introduced during the coming years, the adoption of ceftobiprole may provide a viable option for combating both gram

cephalosporin. FK037, a novel parenteral broad-spectrum In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of

The global production of agricultural and food products is the world’s largest industry, with total revenues of ~$5 trillion (US) per year. Diseases caused by phytopathogens are economically important, resulting in multibillion-dollar losses annually, and it has been estimated that more than 25 % of all crop plants worldwide are lost to fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases. In the developing world, up to 40 % of all crop destruction can be directly attributed to plant diseases, with occasional catastrophic, life-threatening losses. The increased reliance on chemical solutions to diseases has compromised environmental quality, engendered a negative impact with consumers, and resulted in a rise of fungicide resistant microorganisms. Conventional breeding, though relatively successful in the development of disease resistant plant cultivars, has become increasingly difficult because of the limitations of resistance genes within usable gene pools. However, advances in plant genetic engineering have facilitated the integration of beneficial “designer ” genes into plants. This technology has been successfully applied to generate plant resistance to herbicides, some insects, and occasionally some phytopathogens. Strategies to improve the health of crops through genetic engineering have included transgenic expression of plant, fungal, or bacterial hydrolytic enzymes, pathogenesis-related proteins, components of plant defense-response pathways, antimicrobial proteins, and peptides. Although food safety is of utmost importance and disease resistant plants are required, the commercial application of this technology is lagging. The protection offered in some cases is limited to specific diseases, which means other pathogens can thrive and plants must still be sprayed with fungicides.

d fr uce tatio rm activity against food-borne spoilage and pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria aceou l anta er, 198 c acid Dong, Miao and Tujia nationalities of China. The manufacture of Nanx Wudl is an artisanal process. Fresh pork is cut into large pieces, mixed with fried coarse salt (30 g/1 kg pork), cooked glutinous rice, powdered chili and grounded pepper, and then stuffed tightly into a special wooded vat, and coveredwith a layer of Japanese banana leaves. The meat mixtures are left to ferment at cultures capable of athogenic bacteria o contribute to the intense interest to anx Wudl. cin-producing LAB test the antimicro-bial activity and foresee a potential technological application for the improvement of the quality and safety of this peculiar meat product. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. LAB isolation and screening for bacteriocinogenic LAB Fourteen different Nanx Wudl samples were collected from Dong ethnic minority regions in Jianhe, Guizhou province of China.