plastid evelopment is light-regulated primarily at translational or post-translational level. Sl-nuclease mapping and primer extension located the 5 ' end of the transcript predominantly at 175 bp upstream ofpsaA, and the 3 ' end at 116 bp downstream from rpsl4. The transcript is calculated tobe

. RESULTS miRNAs localize to repeats within the human genome We expanded prior studies by screening sequences flanking all known human miRNAs for repetitive elements (500 bp upstream and down stream) and annotating them using the Censor web server at the Genetic Information Research Institute 13 . Overall

is involved in E1A 13S autoregulation of the adenovirus 12

as the other upstream factors. These results show that ζ-globin promoter function is highly dependent on a 60 bp region to which at least three different factors bind. Two of these factors may represent DNA-binding proteins not previously identified as important for regulation of globin gene expression

by itself to stimulate transcription, when present in conjunction with the distal GRE, this element synergistically enhances glu-cocorticoid induction of gene expression. Coopera-tivity of the two GREs is maintained when they are transposed upstream of a heterologous promoter. An oligonucleotide of 22 bp

The genomic nucleotide sequences of japonica rice (Sasanishiki and Nipponbare) contained about 2.7-kb unique region at the point of 0.4-kb upstream of the OsPsbS1 gene. In this study, we found that japonica rice with a few exceptions possessing such DNA sequences [denoted to Os

Major transcriptional control elements are located within the U3 region of the long terminal repeats (LTRs) of lentivirus and other retroviral genomes. The nef auxiliary gene of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and human immunodeficiency virus overlaps about 70 % of the 450- to 560-bp-long U3

Da) within reach of upstream photoprobes. A collection of 13 probes has been used to map the locations of these three proteins along a 45-bp segment of DNA upstream of the transcriptional start site. Evidence is presented that the 90- and 70-kDa polypeptides are separate and distinct components of yeast

The Sry-related high-mobility-group box transcription factor Sox9 recruits the redundant L-Sox5 and Sox6 proteins to effect chondrogenesis, but the mode of action of the trio remains unclear. We identify here a highly conserved 359-bp sequence 10 kb upstream of the Agc1 gene for aggrecan, a most

Molecular analysis of dystrophin Kobe showed that exon 19 of the dystrophin gene bearing 52-bp deletion was skipped during splicing, although the known consensus sequences at the 5 ' and 3 ' splice sites of exon 19 were maintained (Mat-