This article studies the valuation of average-rate contingent claims (both arithmetic and geometric), whose importance in corporate risk management is increasing rapidly. Arbitrage-free characterizations are provided for such option--like Asian claims. When the spot price is governed by a one

. Yao, Demers, and Shenker [4] considered the problem where the QoS constraint is deadline feasibility and the objective is to minimize the energy used. They proposed an online speed scaling algorithm Average Rate (AVR) that runs each job at a constant speed between its release and its deadline

continuous time models

The average rate of change is a concept that has been misunderstood in the literature. The present article attempts to clarify the concept and show unequivocally the mathematical definition and meaning of the average rate of change in longitudinal models. The slope from the straight-line change

the quantity R*(d). defined as the infimum of rates R such that (with E> 0 arbitrarily small and with suitably large n) communication is possible in the above setting at an average distortion level (as defined above) not exceeding d + E. The main result is that R*(d) = inf[Z(X,Z)- Z(Y,Z)], where

observers view price stability as a worthy objective because they think that inflation is costly. Some of these costs involve the average rate of inflation, and others relate to the variability and uncertainty of inflation. But the general idea is that businesses and households are thought to perform poorly

an off-line algorithm that computes, for any set of jobs, a minimum-energy schedule. We then consider some on-line algorithms and their competitive performance for the power function P(s) = sp where p 3 2. It is shown that one natural heuristic, called the Average Rate heuristic, uses at most a constant

efficiently. With these new rotated features our sample face detector shows off on average a 10 % lower false alarm rate at a given hit rate. We also present a novel post optimization procedure for a given boosted cascade improving on average the false alarm rate further by 12.5%. 1

switching while ensuring each data flow its reserved average throughput rate at the same time. The algorithm has been tested through simulation, 1

The average rate of change is a concept that has been misunderstood in the literature. This article attempts to clarify the concept and show unequivocally the mathematical definition and meaning of the average rate of change in longitudinal models. The slope from the straight-line change model has