The algorithm presented in this paper aims to segment the foreground objects in video (e.g., people) given time-varying, textured backgrounds. Examples of time-varying backgrounds include waves on water, clouds moving, trees waving in the wind, automobile trafc, moving crowds, escalators, etc. We

Abstract. With the emergence of the internet, independent applications are starting to be integrated with each other. This creates a need for technology for glueing together applications both within and across organizations, without having to re-engineer individual components. We propose an approach for developing this glue technology based on message ows and discuss the open research problems in realizing this approach. 1

Minnesota, there was a special meeting to discuss traf%c calming. About 40 people from countries around the world attended. The purpose was to discuss how the ITE could contribute to, or be involved with, traffic calming. During the discussions, it became apparent that people had different

Most adolescent deaths are caused by injury sustained in traf®c crashes, and driver education does not necessarily reduce the problem. This multi-method, ethnographic study describes the logic and regulation of youth driving culture in a northern Ontario community. This included 40 hours

Current debates in the planning and transportation fields emphasize the claim that new physical planning and design strategies will result in an increased level of pedestrianization and a decreased use of the automobile. One of the latest trends

A ir pollution is dened as: “the contamination of air by unwanted gases, smoke, particles, and other sub-stances.”1 In recent decades, in many large and crowded cities of developing countries, trafc-related air pollution (TRAP) is a major public health concern. Exhaust emissions of motor vehicles

Typically, a real-time system consists of a a controlling system and a controlled system. In an automated factory, the controlled system is the factory floor with its robots, assembling stations, and the assembled parts, while the controlling system is the computer and human interfaces that manage and coordinate the activities on the factory

Traf�c Accident (RTA) (52%) followed by burn (24%). Females were predominant with 74% in trauma due to burns. In majority of cases where the death was reported in the hospital, among them more than 50% of victims were survived in hospital for more than 24 hours. The victims those expired within 3 hours

This paper evaluates critically the applicability of the well-known assimilation and pluralist models to the contemporary ethnic landscape of the US. The two models, despite their strengths, fail to account satisfactorily for the sociospatial behaviour of recent immigrants or of previously established minority groups. Their de®ciencies lead us to propose a third model which we label heterolocalism, which can supplement and partially replace the older two. A late 20th-century phenomenon, heterolocalism is a function of the profound restructuring of the relationships within a globalising society among people, places, and social and economic entities. The term itself refers to recent populations of shared ethnic identity which enter an area from distant sources, then quickly adopt a dispersed pattern of residential location, all the while managing to remain cohesive through a variety of means. Heterolocal situations are readily observed in metropolitan areas, but such ethnic `communities without propinquity ' may exist at the regional scale, within non-metropolitan settings, or ± under the designation of `transnational ' ± as something approaching `deterritorialised nations ' that span the boundaries of two or more conventional nation-states. Although the most conspicuous heterolocal communities involve the relatively privileged, the model is also valid for certain lower-status groups whose economic survival relies upon movement and transactions over long distances while retaining or creating a sense

In this paper we study hard real-time systems com-posed of independent periodic preemptive tasks where we assume that tasks are scheduled by using Liu & Layland’s pioneering model following the Rate Monotonic Analy-sis (RMA). For such systems, the designer must guaran-tee that all the deadlines of all the tasks are met, other-wise dramatic consequences occur. Certainly, guarantee-ing deadlines is not always achievable because the pre-emption is approximated when using this analysis, and this approximation may lead to a wrong real-time exe-cution whereas the schedulability analysis concluded that the system was schedulable. To cope with this problem the designer usually allows margins which are difcult to assess, and thus in any case lead to a waste of resources. This paper makes multiple contributions. First, we show that, when considering the cost of the preemption during the analysis, the critical instant does not occur upon si-multaneous release of all tasks. Second, we provide a technique which counts the exact number of preemptions of each instance for all the tasks of a given system. Fi-nally, we present an RMA extension which takes into ac-count the exact cost due to preemption in the schedulabil-ity analysis rather than an approximation, thus yielding a new and stronger schedulability condition which elimi-nates the waste of resources since margins are not neces-sary. 1