, and report on experiments that demonstrate their effectiveness in a variety of contexts on the World Wide Web. The central issue we address within our framework is the distillation of broad search topics, through the discovery of “authoritative ” information sources on such topics. We propose and test

Abstract: The role of authoritative sources of information in a constructivist learning environment has always been ambiguous, especially in science learning where there is a bountiful of knowledge readily available in various sources. Taking a social semiotics perspective in this study, we take

A one-on-one mapping of protein functionality across different species is a critical component of comparative analysis. This paper presents a heuristic algorithm for discovering the Most Likely Functional Counterparts (MoLFunCs) of a protein, based on simple concepts from network theory. A key feature of our algorithm is utilization of the user’s knowledge to assign high confidence to selected functional identification. We show use of the algorithm to retrieve functional equivalents for 7 membrane proteins, from an exploration of almost 40 genomes form multiple online resources. We verify the functional equivalency of our dataset through a series of tests that include sequence, structure and function comparisons. Comparison is made to the OMA methodology, which also identifies one-on-one mapping between proteins from different species. Based on that comparison, we believe that incorporation of user’s knowledge as a key aspect of the technique adds value to purely statistical formal methods.

for Implementation

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information on the state of education around the world. It provides data on the structure, finances, and performance of the education systems in the 34 OECD member countries, as well as a number of G20 and partner countries. Japan Tertiary education is expanding and producing a large proportion of highly skilled adults… The proportion of tertiary-educated adults in Japan increased from 34 % to 47 % between 2000 and 2012 and is now the second largest proportion among OECD countries (Chart A1.1 and Table A1.4a). Moreover, the results of the 2012 Survey of Adult Skills indicate that the quality of Japanese tertiary education is high. Some 37 % of Japanese tertiary-educated adults perform at Level 4 or 5 in literacy proficiency (the highest level as measured by the survey) – the largest proportion among the 24 countries and subnational regions that participated in the survey (Chart A1.5).

We present a framework for identifying authoritative sources (such as web sites or individual users) that are likely to pro-duce high-quality or interesting images. We construct a di-rected graph across sources based on the propensity of one source to“cite”the content from another. A graph

, because the majority have concentrated on intrafamilial processes of parent-child interaction, a fact that is reflected in Maccoby and Martin's (1983) recent authoritative review of research on family influences on development. By contrast, the focus of the present analysis can be described as "

Here, we investigate the graph structure of the Web-graph, the directed graph whose nodes are static pages and edges are links between these pages. Broder et al. [1] looked at some basic properties of this graph. They found that the web-graph has one large weakly connected component consisting of 91 % of pages. This is not surprising since there is only one world wide web. This fact remains intact even when all nodes of degree more than 5 are removed: there still is a large component with more than 59 million pages. This shows that there are many different paths between pairs of nodes and the web will not be partitioned even if certain important pages were removed. The web was found to contain one strongly connected component (SCC) of approximately 56 million pages that were mutually reachable. Figure 1: Connectivity of the web Figure 1 gives an overview of the structure. One can pass from any node of IN through SCC to any node of OUT. Hanging off IN and OUT are TENDRILS containing nodes that are reachable from portions of IN, or that can reach portions of OUT, without passage through SCC. It is possible for a TENDRIL hanging off from IN to be hooked into a TENDRIL leading into OUT, forming a TUBE – a passage from a portion of IN to a portion of OUT without touching SCC. They found that apart from the roughly 59 million pages in