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Comprehensive database for facial expression analysis

by Takeo Kanade, Jeffrey F. Cohn, Yingli Tian - in Proceedings of Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
"... Within the past decade, significant effort has occurred in developing methods of facial expression analysis. Because most investigators have used relatively limited data sets, the generalizability of these various methods remains unknown. We describe the problem space for facial expression analysis, ..."
Abstract - Cited by 593 (51 self) - Add to MetaCart
-Pittsburgh AU-Coded Face Expression Image Database, which currently includes 2105 digitized image sequences from 182 adult subjects of varying ethnicity, performing multiple tokens of most primary FACS action units. This database is the most comprehensive test-bed to date for comparative studies of facial

Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture, SILAC, as a simple and accurate approach to expression proteomics

by Shao-en Ong, Blagoy Blagoev, Irina Kratchmarova, Dan Bach Kristensen, Akhilesh P, Matthias Mann - Mol. Cell. Proteomics , 2002
"... The abbreviations used are: SILAC: Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture, 2DE: two dimensional (isoelectric focusing/SDS-PAGE) gel electrophoresis: ICATTM: isotope-coded affinity tag; MS: mass spectrometry; MALDI-TOF: matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight; PMF: ..."
Abstract - Cited by 595 (23 self) - Add to MetaCart
The abbreviations used are: SILAC: Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture, 2DE: two dimensional (isoelectric focusing/SDS-PAGE) gel electrophoresis: ICATTM: isotope-coded affinity tag; MS: mass spectrometry; MALDI-TOF: matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight; PMF

Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques

by Jiawei Han, Micheline Kamber , 2000
"... Our capabilities of both generating and collecting data have been increasing rapidly in the last several decades. Contributing factors include the widespread use of bar codes for most commercial products, the computerization of many business, scientific and government transactions and managements, a ..."
Abstract - Cited by 3142 (23 self) - Add to MetaCart
Our capabilities of both generating and collecting data have been increasing rapidly in the last several decades. Contributing factors include the widespread use of bar codes for most commercial products, the computerization of many business, scientific and government transactions and managements

Recognizing action units for facial expression analysis

by Ying-li Tian, Takeo Kanade, Jeffrey F. Cohn - PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE , 2001
"... Most automatic expression analysis systems attempt to recognize a small set of prototypic expressions, such as happiness, anger, surprise, and fear. Such prototypic expressions, however, occur rather infrequently. Human emotions and intentions are more often communicated by changes in one or a few ..."
Abstract - Cited by 399 (38 self) - Add to MetaCart
recognizes fine-grained changes in facial expression into action units (AUs) of the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), instead of a few prototypic expressions. Multistate face and facial component models are proposed for tracking and modeling the various facial features, including lips, eyes, brows, cheeks

Coding, Analysis, Interpretation, and Recognition of Facial Expressions

by Irfan A. Essa , 1997
"... We describe a computer vision system for observing facial motion by using an optimal estimation optical flow method coupled with geometric, physical and motion-based dynamic models describing the facial structure. Our method produces a reliable parametric representation of the face's independen ..."
Abstract - Cited by 331 (6 self) - Add to MetaCart
's independent muscle action groups, as well as an accurate estimate of facial motion. Previous efforts at analysis of facial expression have been based on the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), a representation developed in order to allow human psychologists to code expression from static pictures. To avoid

Classifying Facial Actions

by Gianluca Donato, Marian Stewart Bartlett, Joseph C. Hager, Paul Ekman, Terrence J. Sejnowski - IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal and Machine Intell , 1999
"... AbstractÐThe Facial Action Coding System (FACS) [23] is an objective method for quantifying facial movement in terms of component actions. This system is widely used in behavioral investigations of emotion, cognitive processes, and social interaction. The coding is presently performed by highly trai ..."
Abstract - Cited by 341 (36 self) - Add to MetaCart
AbstractÐThe Facial Action Coding System (FACS) [23] is an objective method for quantifying facial movement in terms of component actions. This system is widely used in behavioral investigations of emotion, cognitive processes, and social interaction. The coding is presently performed by highly

FAST-FACS: A Computer-Assisted System to Increase Speed and Reliability of Manual FACS Coding

by O De La Torre, Tomas Simon, Zara Ambadar, Jeffrey F. Cohn
"... is the state of the art in manual measurement of facial actions. FACS coding, however, is labor intensive and difficult to standardize. A goal of automated FACS coding is to eliminate the need for manual coding and realize automatic recognition and analysis of facial actions. Success of this effort ..."
Abstract - Cited by 3 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
of FACS coding. Three are the main novelties of the system: (1) to the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to predict onsets and offsets from peaks, (2) use Active Appearance Models for computer based assisted FACS coding, (3) learn an optimal metric to predict onsets and offsets from peaks

FAST-FACS: A Computer-Assisted System to Increase Speed and Reliability of Manual FACS Coding

by unknown authors
"... Abstract. FACS (Facial Action Coding System) coding is the state of the art in manual measurement of facial actions. FACS coding, however, is labor intensive and difficult to standardize. A goal of automated FACS coding is to eliminate the need for manual coding and realize automatic recognition and ..."
Abstract - Add to MetaCart
of the system: (1) to the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to predict onsets and offsets from peaks, (2) use Active Appearance Models for computer assisted FACS coding, (3) learn an optimal metric to predict onsets and offsets from peaks. The system was tested in the RU-FACS database, which

FAST-FACS: A Computer-Assisted System to Increase Speed and Reliability of Manual FACS Coding

by unknown authors
"... Abstract. FACS (Facial Action Coding System) coding is the state of the art in manual measurement of facial actions. FACS coding, however, is labor intensive and difficult to standardize. A goal of automated FACS coding is to eliminate the need for manual coding and realize automatic recognition and ..."
Abstract - Add to MetaCart
of the system: (1) to the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to predict onsets and offsets from peaks, (2) use Active Appearance Models for computer assisted FACS coding, (3) learn an optimal metric to predict onsets and offsets from peaks. The system was tested in the RU-FACS database, which

A Scalable Comparison-Shopping Agent for the World-Wide Web

by Robert B. Doorenbos, Oren Etzioni, Daniel S. Weld - In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Autonomous Agents , 1997
"... The Web is less agent-friendly than we might hope. Most information on the Web is presented in loosely structured natural language text with no agent-readable semantics. HTML annotations structure the display of Web pages, but provide virtually no insight into their content. Thus, the designers of i ..."
Abstract - Cited by 327 (19 self) - Add to MetaCart
of intelligent Web agents need to address the following questions: (1) To what extent can an agent understand information published at Web sites? (2) Is the agent's understanding sufficient to provide genuinely useful assistance to users? (3) Is site-specific hand-coding necessary, or can the agent
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