. With the Stroop effect as an example, automatic processes are shown to be continuous and to emerge gradually with practice. Specifically, a computational model of the Stroop task simulates the time course of processing as well as the effects of learning. This was accomplished by combining the cascade mechanism

The cognitive dimensions framework is a broad-brush evaluation technique for interactive devices and for non-interactive notations. It sets out a small vocabulary of terms designed to capture the cognitively-relevant aspects of structure, and shows how they can be traded off against each other

application, the Apache web server. By using email archives of source code change history and problem reports we quantify aspects of developer participation, core team size, code ownership, productivity, defect density, and problem resolution interval for this OSS project. This analysis reveals a unique

A framework is developed to explore the connection between effective optimization algorithms and the problems they are solving. A number of “no free lunch ” (NFL) theorems are presented which establish that for any algorithm, any elevated performance over one class of problems is offset

was developed and tested on a newswire text categorization task. This method, which we call uncertainty sampling, reduced by as much as 500-fold the amount of training data that would have to be manually classified to achieve a given level of effectiveness. 1 Introduction Text classification is the automated

This paper empirically investigates the effects of liberalized trade on plant productivity in the case of Chile. Chile presents an interesting setting to study this relationship since it underwent a massive trade liberalization that significantly exposed its plants to competition from abroad during

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive presentation and interpretation of the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) and its numerical implementation. The EnKF has a large user group and numerous publications have discussed applications and theoretical aspects of it. This paper

strongly resembles, in a manner analofunctions of novel genes are needed to ensure rapid gous to fingerprinting. An appealing aspect of this approgress from genome sequence to directed experiproach is that it should be equally effective at determinmentation and applications. A similar need exists for ing

A model is proposed that specifies the conditions under which individuals will become internally motivated to perform effectively on their jobs. The model focuses on the interaction among three classes of variables: (a) the psychological states of employees that must be present for internally

Threads are the vehicle,for concurrency in many approaches to parallel programming. Threads separate the notion of a sequential execution stream from the other aspects of traditional UNIX-like processes, such as address spaces and I/O descriptors. The objective of this separation is to make