PDP (parallel distributed processing, or artificial neural network) models were too biologically unrealistic to provide viable interpretations of the single-cell data. Churchland and Sejnowski show how distributed models can now attack this problem, providing significant insights into brain function

1To whom correspondence should be addressed The pre-mutagenic oxidative DNA base damage of 8-hydroxy-guanine is present in DNA isolated from cells and the amount present increases with exposure of cells to oxidative stress. The oxidative DNA base damage may be present before isolation of DNA or it may be produced during isolation and processing of DNA. We have found that the amount of oxidative base damage measured in DNA can be reduced to a stable lower level by adding increasing concentrations of the antioxidants desferrioxamine, histidine and reduced glutathione immediately before cell lysis. Inclusion of these antioxidants after cell lysis did not affect the level of DNA damage. Oxidative DNA base damage produced by ultraviolet A irradiation of human cells was also reduced by adding antioxidants after irradiation and before cell lysis. Thus, unidentified oxidants induced by ultraviolet A irradiation may damage DNA significantly during extractions of DNA from cells subsequent to ultraviolet A irradiation.

Abstract: Human agents draw a variety of inferences effortlessly, spontaneously, and with remarkable efficiency — as though these inferences are a reflex response of their cognitive apparatus. Furthermore, these inferences are drawn with reference to a large body of background knowledge

Development of an artificial foot enabling the simulation of the natural behaviour of the human unroll of the foot during walking and running

and develop techniques in artificial intelligence and apply them to the control of a mobile automato carrying out specified tasks in a realistic environment. These tasks would be such that normally require human intelligence in planning, sensing, and execution. Thus, an ultimate goal is to devise

- Artificial grammar experiments have been used to address questions of learnability (e.g. Newport and Aslin, 2003) and naturalness (e.g. Pycha et al., 2003; Wilson, 2003), with the finding that: (a) both children and adults are sensitive to statistical regularities in artificial grammars (b

The video game industry is an area of high and increasing profitability, with $US 6 billion spent by U.S. consumers alone in the year 2001 [1]. In order to attract buyers, there is increasing demand to simulate human opponents artificially within games. As of present, artificial opponents commonly

cultures obtained in vitro, in solid or liquid media, transported in sterile containers; c) cut flowers of artificially propagated plants; d) fruits, and parts and derivatives thereof, of naturalized or artificially propagated plants of the genus Vanilla (Orchidaceae) and of the family Cactaceae; e

) vascular grafts, however, 10%-40 % of patients do not have a saphenous vein suitable for pros-thetic replacement due to size mismatch or venous dis-ease [2]. Tissue engineering approaches are being used to develop palliative methods for these pathologies such as the construction of artificial blood vessels

This paper reports the design plan of a social rehabilitation robot for optimizing social self-management of health. Managing health with physically and stigmatizing disabling conditions involves managing both physical and social daily functioning. The robot will use artificial moral emotions