A modification of ARIES/NT algorithm for nested transactions rollback and recovery is proposed. This modification allows to perform the forward recovery for advanced transaction models, such as ConTracts and some subclasses of Sagas. The implementation of the proposed algorithm at the storage

A simple and efficient recovery method for nested transactions, called ARIES/NT (Algorithm for Recovery and Isolation Exploiting Semantics for Nested Transactions), that uses write-ahead logging and supports semantically-rich modes of locking and operation logging is presented. This method applies

~hstt~ct A simple and efficient recovery method for nested transact.ions, called ARIES/NT (Algorithm for Recovery and Isolation Exploiting Semantics for Nested ‘I’ransactions), that uses wrile-ahead logging and supports semantically-rich modes of locking and operation logging is presented. ‘I

Information storage capabilities are key in most aspects of society and the requirement for storage capacity is rapidly expanding. In principle, DNA could be a high-density medium for information storage. Church and coworkers recently demonstrated how binary data can be encoded, stored in and retrieved from a library of oligonucleotides, increasing by several orders of magnitude the amount and density of manmade information stored in DNA to date. The technology remains in its infancy and important hurdles have yet to be overcome in order to realize its potential. However, DNA may be particularly useful as a storage-medium over long time-scales (centu-ries), because data-access is compatible with any large-scale DNA-sequencing and-synthesis technology. It has been proposed that DNA could be a storage-medium for non-biological (man-made) information.1 In DNA, informa-tion is encoded directly in the primary structure as chemically well-defined monomers, the nucleobases, linked together in linear arbitrary-length het-eropolymers. In physiological conditions, DNA consists of two self-complementary strands maintaining information-integrity by facilitating template-based, enzyme-driven error-correction. Furthermore DNA molecules have considerable physi-cochemical stability with presumed life-times on the order of centuries.1-3 Given a suitable scheme for encoding arbitrary information as nucleobase sequences, DNA-storage could consequently be an attractive storage-medium, with theo-retical storage-densities in the exabyte (1018 bytes)/mm3-range, well beyond what

an de s B io sc ie nc e. D o no t d is tri bu te www.landesbioscience.com RNA Biology 891

molecule data

budding enables large ribonucleoprotein par-ticle export during synaptic Wnt signaling. Cell

When I and [ + AI are two light intensities which can just barely be recognized as different, then the fraction AI/I is considered the measure of intensity discrimination. The value of this fraction and its relation to the intensity f have been the subject of many researches, and these have established that as the intensity Z increases, the fraction A[/I decreases, tending toward a minimum value at the highest intensities. This is true not only for the human eye, but for all other organisms thus far studied, namely, Drosophila, the bee, and Mya (for a summary, see Hecht, 1937 a). Besides the general relation of A[/I to I, the human eye shows an additional phenomenon due to the duality of its retinal structure. There seem to be two relations of A[/I to I, one at the lower intensities representing rod function, and the other at high intensities representing cone function. This rod-cone dichotomy is apparent in nearly all the published measurements from the earliest by Aubert (1865) to the most recent of Steinhardt (1936). In addition, Steinhardt showed that the double function appears only in measurements with central visual fields larger than 2 ° , while the single function appears with fields smaller than 2 ° , and this corresponds to the presence of rods and cones in the larger fields, and to the complete absence of rods in the smaller fields. Moreover, the extent of the low intensity rod section increases with the size of the field because of the increasing number of rods present in comparison with the number of cones. *The first paper in this series is by Steinhardt (1936). 7

in whole or in part.

Abstract. In this paper an O(n) parallel algorithm is presented for fast unranking t–ary trees with n internal nodes in Zaks ’ representation. A sequential O(nt) algorithm is derived on the basis of dynamic programming paradigm. In the parallel version of the algorithm processing is performed in a