Results 1 - 10 of 1,993

Practical Byzantine fault tolerance

by Miguel Castro, Barbara Liskov , 1999
"... This paper describes a new replication algorithm that is able to tolerate Byzantine faults. We believe that Byzantinefault-tolerant algorithms will be increasingly important in the future because malicious attacks and software errors are increasingly common and can cause faulty nodes to exhibit arbi ..."
Abstract - Cited by 673 (15 self) - Add to MetaCart
arbitrary behavior. Whereas previous algorithms assumed a synchronous system or were too slow to be used in practice, the algorithm described in this paper is practical: it works in asynchronous environments like the Internet and incorporates several important optimizations that improve the response time

The Cyclical Behavior of Equilibrium Unemployment and Vacancies

by Robert Shimer - American Economic Review , 2005
"... This paper argues that a broad class of search models cannot generate the observed business-cycle-frequency fluctuations in unemployment and job vacancies in response to shocks of a plausible magnitude. In the U.S., the vacancy-unemployment ratio is 20 times as volatile as average labor productivity ..."
Abstract - Cited by 871 (23 self) - Add to MetaCart
This paper argues that a broad class of search models cannot generate the observed business-cycle-frequency fluctuations in unemployment and job vacancies in response to shocks of a plausible magnitude. In the U.S., the vacancy-unemployment ratio is 20 times as volatile as average labor

Radiative forcing and climate response

by J. Hansen, M. Sato, R. Ruedy - J. Geophys. Res , 1997
"... Abstract. We examine the sensitivity of a climate model to a wide range of radiative forcings, including changes of solar irradiance, atmospheric CO2, 03, CFCs, clouds, aerosols, surface •bedo, and a "ghost " forcing introduced at arbitrary heights, latitudes, longitudes, seasons, and time ..."
Abstract - Cited by 323 (4 self) - Add to MetaCart
magnitude measured in watts per square meter. The consistency of the response among different forcings is higher, within 20 % or better, for most of the globally distributed forcingsuspected of influencinglobal mean temperature in the past century, but exceptions occur for certain changes of ozone

A Unifying Construction of Orthonormal Bases for System Identification

by Brett Martin Ninness, Fredrik Gustafsson - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL , 1994
"... In this paper we develop a general and very simple construction for complete orthonormal bases for system identification. This construction provides a unifying formulation of all known orthonormal bases since the common FIR and recently popular Laguerre and Kautz model structures are restrictive spe ..."
Abstract - Cited by 78 (20 self) - Add to MetaCart
special cases of our construction as is another construction method based on balanced realisations of all pass functions. However, in contrast to these special cases, the basis vectors in our unifying construction can have nearly arbitrary magnitude frequency response according to the prior information

Algorithms for the Constrained Design of Digital Filters with Arbitrary Magnitude and Phase Responses

by Mathias Lang , 1999
"... This thesis presents several new algorithms for designing digital filters subject to specifications in the frequency domain. Finite impulse response (FIR) as well as infinite impulse response (IIR) filter design problems are considered. Unlike many ..."
Abstract - Cited by 8 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
This thesis presents several new algorithms for designing digital filters subject to specifications in the frequency domain. Finite impulse response (FIR) as well as infinite impulse response (IIR) filter design problems are considered. Unlike many

Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon,

by V Ramanathan , G Carmichael - Nat. Geosci., , 2008
"... Figure 1: Global distribution of BC sources and radiative forcing. a, BC emission strength in tons per year from a study by Bond et al. Full size image (42 KB) Review Nature Geoscience 1, 221 -227 (2008 Black carbon in soot is the dominant absorber of visible solar radiation in the atmosphere. Ant ..."
Abstract - Cited by 228 (5 self) - Add to MetaCart
the chain of response and feedbacks on the regional climate due to BC 9, 12, 14, 23, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 . In regions where radiative-convective coupling of the surface and the atmosphere is strong (for example, equatorial oceans and tropical land during wet seasons), the surface-atmosphere response

On the Design of L_p IIR Filters with Arbitrary Frequency Response

by Ricardo A. Vargas, C. Sidney Burrus
"... This paper introduces an iterative algorithm for designing IIR digital filters that minimize a complex approximation error in an sense. The algorithm combines ideas that have proven successful in the similar problem of FIR filter design. We use iterative prefiltering techniques common in applic ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1 (1 self) - Add to MetaCart
in applications such as parameter estimation together with an Iterative Reweighted Least Squares (IRLS) method. The result is a double iterative approach that generates IIR filters of arbitrary magnitude and phase response and arbitrary numerator and denominator orders. Such filters can be used in a variety

A quantitative description of short-term plasticity at excitatory synapses in layer 2/3 of rat primary visual cortex

by Juan A. Varela, Kamal Sen, Jay Gibson, Joshua Fost, L. F. Abbott, Sacha B. Nelson - J Neurosci , 1997
"... Cortical synapses exhibit several forms of short-term plasticity, but the contribution of this plasticity to visual response dynamics is unknown. In part, this is because the simple patterns of stimulation used to probe plasticity in vitro do not correspond to patterns of activity that occur in vivo ..."
Abstract - Cited by 185 (5 self) - Add to MetaCart
in vivo. We have developed a method of quantitatively characterizing short-term plasticity at cortical synapses that permits prediction of responses to arbitrary patterns of stimulation. Synaptic responses were recorded intracellularly as EPSCs and extracellularly as local field potentials in layer 2

Orthonormal Bases for System Identification

by Brett Ninness, Fredrik Gustafsson
"... In this paper we present a general and very simple construction for generating complete orthonormal bases for system identification. This construction provides a unifying formulation of orthonormal bases since the common FIR and recently popular Laguerre and Kautz model structures are restrictive sp ..."
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special cases of our construction. A distinguishing feature of our construction is that it can generate basis vectors having nearly arbitrary magnitude frequency responses. These responses can be selected according to the prior information the user wishes to inject into the estimation problem. 1

Behavioral theories and the neurophysiology of reward,

by Wolfram Schultz - Annu. Rev. Psychol. , 2006
"... ■ Abstract The functions of rewards are based primarily on their effects on behavior and are less directly governed by the physics and chemistry of input events as in sensory systems. Therefore, the investigation of neural mechanisms underlying reward functions requires behavioral theories that can ..."
Abstract - Cited by 187 (0 self) - Add to MetaCart
after an untrained, arbitrary visual or auditory stimulus for several trials. A dopamine neuron that responds initially to a liquid or food reward acquires a response to the CS after some tens of paired CS-reward trials ( Contingency The contingency requirement postulates that in order to be involved
Results 1 - 10 of 1,993