We evaluate the chiral condensate and Polyakov loop in two-dimensional QED with a fermion of an arbitrary mass (m). We find discontinuous m dependence in the chiral condensate and anomalous temperature dependence in Polyakov loops when the vacuum angle θ∼π and m=O(e). These nonperturbative

of system usage. The model includes profiles for representing the behavior of subjects with respect to objects in terms of metrics and statistical models, and rules for acquiring knowledge about this behavior from audit records and for detecting anomalous behavior. The model is independent of any particular

We present a novel approach for video parsing and si-multaneous online learning of dominant and anomalous behaviors in surveillance videos. Dominant behaviors are those occurring frequently in videos and hence, usually do not attract much attention. They can be characterized by different

and anomalous behavior. When applying a given technique to a particular domain, these assumptions can be used as guidelines to assess the effectiveness of the technique in that domain. For each category, we provide a basic anomaly detection technique, and then show how the different existing techniques

statistics and congestion analysis, detection of anomalous behaviors, and interactive surveillance using multiple cameras, etc. In general, the processing framework of visual surveillance in dynamic scenes includes the following stages: modeling of environments, detection of motion, classification of moving

This paper characterizes behavior with “noisy” decision making for models of political interaction characterized by simultaneous binary decisions. Applications include: voting participation games, candidate entry, the volunteer's dilemma, and collective action problems with a contribution

Anomalous liquid behavior is viewed as a result of an increase in surface tension in isolated capillaries. Using a derived prime equation for this change several phenomena are treated including the strength of liquid bridges between solids, the lowering of vapor pressure, increased solubility

The Hall effect and magnetoresistance were measured in the InAs/GaAs heterostructure at temperatures from 300 K down to 3 K, in a magnetic field range from 0.01 to 1.5 T. The anomalous magnetic field dependence of the Hall coefficient in the InAs/GaAs heterostructure in magnetic fields below 0

effect [Öjemalm K, et al. (2011) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108(31):E359–E364]. However, the apparent partitioning solvation parameter is less than one-half the value expected for simple bulk partitioning, suggesting that the water in the translocon departs from bulk behavior. To examine the state of water

Traditional memory systems based on memory technologies such as DRAM are fast approaching their cost and power limits. Alternative memory technologies such as Phase Change Memory (PCM) are being widely researched as a scalable, cost- and power-efficient alternative for DRAM. However, a PCM memory cell has a limited endurance of 10 7 − 10 8 writes, resulting in an ideal lifetime of only a few years which can be reduced further due to the non-uniform distribution of write traffic to the main memory. Wear leveling algorithms have been proposed to ensure uniform distribution of traffic to the main memory. However, this limited write endurance poses an easy to exploit loophole for attackers to bring the system down. A malicious application can perform multiple writes to the same memory location (PCM cell) and quickly cross the endurance limit for the cell. We show that wear leveling algorithms, while meeting their